During Tuesday's hearing, the organization PODER of Idaho presented a petition with 8,000 signatures supporting the bill to create a restricted driver's license. Individuals classified as treaty traders are among the eligible individuals for a New Jersey driver's license.It is a temporary worker who is accompanying the spouses and children of their employer. However, municipalities may open their polls as early as 5:45 a.m. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote. [25], The deadline for registration is 10 days prior to the election. Two years after lawmakers passed the Green Light law, arrests plummeted to about 30,000.. a summary of the law from the Secretary of States office, filed paperwork to start the ballot question process, the states Elections Division certified 71,883 signatures collected, 47 percent of residents surveyed were opposed to the legislation, a debate on the ballot question on GBHs Greater Boston, Connecticut saw a 9 percent decrease in hit-and-run crashes, several mayors testified on Beacon Hill in support of the law, the statistic is part of a national trend, Another fight is brewing over the undocumented immigrant drivers license law, Here's where the MassGOP stands after Tuesday's election, South Coast Rail: New Bedford, Fall River vote to join the MBTA, A valid unexpired foreign passport or a valid unexpired Consular Identification document. Senate Committee Approves Proposal to Issue Limited Drivers Licenses to Undocumented Immigrants in Idaho. BOSTON (CBS) - The Senate passed a bill that would give immigrants without legal status a pathway to obtain a Massachusetts driver's license. This law does not allow people who cannot provide proof of lawful presence in the United States to obtain a REAL ID. color:white !important; To register to vote in Massachusetts, you must be a resident of the state. Opponents of the law, backed by MassGOP President Jim Lyons, launched a repeal effort and garnered enough signatures to put the new law to a vote in yesterdays election. Sponsors of the measure hired Antonio Molle and Sadie Webb to collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the ballot. Federal courts | McMahon cast doubt on the RMVs ability to handle differentiating between citizens and non-citizens. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). Ballotpedia includes editorials from newspapers and outlets based on: To submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor@ballotpedia.org. [10][11],

The documents required to obtain a driver's license vary by state . Jay McMahon is urging voters to reject the ballot question and vote "no." Its a critical tool of mobility in Massachusetts. If the new bill passes, people who apply for a standard driver's license will need to provide proof of identity, date of birth and state residency, according to the bill. To apply for a license, someone without legal presence would need to provide the Registry of Motor Vehicles with a foreign passport or a consular identification document as well as at least one. Cities | It's high time that we let undocumented immigrants live without fear and start honoring their many contributions. The law also requires the registrar and the Secretary of the Commonwealth to establish procedures and regulations to ensure that an applicant for a standard drivers license or learners permit who does not provide proof of lawful presence will not be automatically registered to vote, the Secretary of States office says. Clark Corbin has more than a decade of experience covering Idaho government and politics. Idaho Capital Sun is part of States Newsroom, a network of news bureaus supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. [12] H 4805 prohibited registrars from inquiring about an applicants citizenship or immigration status when applying for driver's licenses and motor vehicle registrations. They cant even suspend licenses from people when theyre supposed to, he said. GET THE MORNING HEADLINES DELIVERED TO YOUR INBOX. A "yes" would uphold the current law to allow immigrants to obtain licenses, while a "no" vote would reject the new law. The overwhelming majority of bills that advance out of Idaho legislative committees are sent to the floor with recommendations the bills pass. The new law will extend driving privileges to an estimated 45,000-85,000 people over the next three years, according to MassBudget. Last week, Senate President Karen Spilka said that as a granddaughter of immigrants, she has been a long-time supporter of the Work and Family Mobility Act and is pleased to see it move forward. Massachusetts Gov. by Clark Corbin, Idaho Capital Sun February 28, 2023. Charles Baker's (R) veto of bill regarding driver's license and vehicle registration applications, States issuing driver's licenses to immigrants who cannot provide proof of lawful presence, Oregon Alternative Driver Licenses Referendum, Measure 88 (2014), Massachusetts veto referendum ballot measures, recently scheduled reports processed by Ballotpedia, Campaign finance requirements for Massachusetts ballot measures, List of Massachusetts veto referendum ballot measures, Massachusetts Question 3: Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination, Massachusetts Question 4: Market for Electric Utilities, Massachusetts Question 2: Require Use of Seat Belts in Motor Vehicles, Massachusetts Question 2: Methods of Levying Fees for Nonpartisan Student Organizations, Massachusetts Question 4: Increase Salaries of Government Officials, Massachusetts Question 4: Require Use of Seat Belts in Motor Vehicles, Massachusetts Question 4: Bottle and Can Regulations, Massachusetts Question 5: Creation of Three Percent Sales Tax, Massachusetts Question 6: Increase Salaries of State Legislators, Massachusetts Question 2: Increase Salaries of State Legislators, Massachusetts Question 5: Non-Profits Allowed to Conduct Games of Chance, Massachusetts Question 1: Regulation of Animal Trapping, Massachusetts Question 4: Gas Tax Increase, Massachusetts Question 5: Regulation of Foregin Banking, Massachusetts Question 3: Prohibition of Alcohol Production and Transportation, Massachusetts Question 2: Tort Liability for Voluntary Organizations, Massachusetts Question 5: District Attorney Candidates Required to be Lawyers, Massachusetts Question 3: Empower State to Censor Movies, Massachusetts Question 4: State Alcohol Prohibition, Massachusetts Question 2: Interst on Bank Savings, Laws governing the referendum process in Maryland, Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States, Click here for the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts' page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information, Fair and Secure Massachusetts campaign website, Fair and Secure Massachusetts Facebook page, Fair and Secure Massachusetts Twitter page, "WGBH", "Mass. We cant keep telling them theyre essential and at the same time deny them the right to drive.. .ballot-measure-endorsements td { width: 35% !important;} Get more local stories in your inbox with Axios Boston. [13] In lieu of citizenship or immigration information, the bill allowed registrars to accept two documents that prove the date of birth and identity of the applicant, including foreign passports, birth certificates, or consular identification documents.[14]. Follow us so you don't miss a thing! } Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. "UndocuGrads: Navigating Graduate School as an Undocumented Student" 2019 Public Policy and International Affairs Program: Open to Undocumented Students; 2018-2019 Peer Engagement and Enrichment Program (PEEP) for Undocumented Students In the GBH debate, the Republican nominee for attorney general, Jay McMahon, who is also a Fair and Secure Massachusetts committee member, said license applicants in Massachusetts are automatically registered to vote when their applications are processed, unless they check a box to opt out of becoming an enrolled voter. Sarang Sekhavat, with the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition, said the law benefits immigrants and society as a whole. The governor said the bill "restricts the Registry's ability to share citizenship information with those entities responsible for ensuring that only citizens register for and vote in our elections.". dosel significado segun la biblia. Massachusetts does not allow same-day voter registration. This issue has for years been caught in the undertow of. Cookie Settings/Do Not Sell My Personal Information. YouTubes privacy policy is available here and YouTubes terms of service is available here. The 25 new centers are expected to ease the burden on emergency rooms for patients with behavioral health crises. The new law will allow undocumented immigrants to apply for a standard state driver's license beginning July 1, 2023. Ballot measures, Who represents me? The Senate voted 32-8 Thursday. Charlie Baker on the legislation.. Fausto Menard Twitter Producer, All Things ConsideredFausto Menard is a producer for WBUR's All Things Considered. If the petitioners submit a written request for the suspension of the targeted law prior to the referendum election, signatures equal to 2 percent of the total votes last cast for governor are required to both suspend the law and force an election. .ballot-measure-endorsements ul { To read Ballotpedia's methodology for covering ballot measure campaign finance information, click here. [3] -moz-columns: 2; Standing alongside her is Roxana Rivera, vice president of 32BJ SEIU, who led the push for the law with Reason. Any documents not in English must be accompanied by a certified translation. The bill was then. Mass. I think the RMV [Registry of Motor Vehicles] is not equipped to properly vet people coming to the United States from over 100 different countries."[4]. } You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. After a 90-minute hearing, Senate Transportation Committee members were clearly divided. Fernando Montelongo, who served as a student page in the Idaho Senate during the first part of the 2023 legislative session, testified in support of the restricted drivers license bill. Speaking in support, the bill's sponsor, Sen. Adam Gomez (D), said: Allowing parents to drive their kids to school, take them to doctor's appointments or be in charge of carpooling to take their kids to soccer, all without the concern they may be separated if they are pulled over, will allow children of undocumented immigrants to breathe and have a sigh of relief.[15][6]. Summary of Proposed Changes to the AEWR Methodology and the Changes Adopted in This Final Rule Should the measure be signed into law, Massachusetts would become the 16th state to provide illegal immigrants with the opportunity to get a driver's license - joining California, New York, Utah . II. In hisveto message, Baker said the legislation "significantly increases the risk that noncitizens will be registered to vote," a possibility that bill supporters have refuted. Everyone should have the right to access a drivers license regardless of documentation status., PODER of Idaho gathers 8,000 signatures for a petition in support of license bill. The registrar of motor vehicles cannot ask or create a record of the citizenship or immigration status of the applicant, and applications cannot be used to obtain the federally-recognized Real ID. Idaho Capital Sun maintains editorial independence. Public policy. Get all the latest from Sanditon on GBH Passport, How one Brookline studio helps artists with disabilities thrive. Massachusetts voters narrowly approved a law that allows those in the U.S. illegally to obtain a driver's license. Democratic-controlled General Court overrides Gov. Elizabeth Sweet, executive director of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy (MIRA) Coalition, said, "The Work and Family Mobility Act makes our communities safer, builds trust between law enforcement and immigrant communities, and benefits our economy. margin-top: 10px !important; Documents not written in English must be submitted with a certified translation. In the process, Guthrie predicted the new restricted licenses would make the roads safer and reduce costs and risks for all motorists by providing a path for more drivers to legally drive and obtain insurance. Alexi Cohan is a producer on Greater Boston. PODER of Idaho is an organization that works to empower the Latinx and immigrant communities in the areas of immigrant rights, economic justice, education and social justice. John Milligan, of Fair and Secure Massachusetts, expands on this in his argument explaining the No vote published by the Secretary of States office: In his veto message of this bill, Governor Charlie Baker made it known that the Registry of Motor Vehicles does not have the capability or expertise necessary to verify documents from other countries and notes that, if this bill becomes law, Massachusetts drivers licenses will no longer confirm that a person is who they say they are.Additionally, Governor Baker states the bill specifically restricts the Registrys ability to share citizenship information with entities responsible for ensuring only citizens register to vote and vote in our elections, significantly increasing the likelihood that noncitizens will register to vote. Massachusetts does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration. Supporters of the Work and Family Mobility Act have said allowing undocumented residents to obtain licenses is a common sense public safety measure to make sure more drivers are properly trained on the rules of the road. The three-year initiative is called Transforming Narratives of Gun Violence, Effort to repeal immigrant driver's license law hits milestone ahead of ballot deadline, Massachusetts Ballot Question 2: What you need to know about proposed changes for dental insurance, Massachusetts Ballot Question 1: What you need to know about the millionaires tax, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility at GBH, Transparency in Coverage Cost-Sharing Disclosures. } Retired Meridian Police Chief Jeff Lavey told the Senate Transportation Committee that members of the Idaho Sheriffs Association voted unanimously to oppose the bill to create a restricted drivers license. I think the answer to that is yes.. BOSTON - The Massachusetts Senate on Thursday joined the House in voting to override Gov. Catch up fast: Legislators enacted the law in June, overriding Gov. To apply for a driver's license, immigrants will have to show two documents proving their date of birth and identity, like an unexpired foreign passport, consular identification document or certified copy of a birth certificate. The push to expand access to drivers licenses to qualified immigrants without legal status continues to gain momentum as public health professionals, business leaders, advocates and lawmakers this session hope to make Massachusetts the 17th state with such a law in the books after years of debate. Question 4 was a veto referendum on House Bill 4805 (H 4805). The secretary of the commonwealth's office announced late Friday that it had certified the signatures needed to put repeal of the law on the November ballot. Charles D. Bakers (R) veto of House Bill 4805 (H 4805). The law specifies that information provided by or relating to any applicant or license-holder will not be a public record and shall not be disclosed, except as required by federal law or as authorized by Attorney General regulations, and except for purposes of motor vehicle insurance. PODER of Idaho is an organization that works to empower the Latinx and immigrant communities in the areas of immigrant rights, economic justice, education and social justice. Prior to joining the Idaho Capital Sun he reported for the Idaho Falls Post Register and Idaho Education News. Navigating Research with Undocumented Immigrants as an Undocumented Immigrant; Announcement of New Series! Sen. Jim Guthrie, R-McCammon, sponsored Senate Bill 1081, which would create the new restricted drivers license anyone 16 or older who resides in Idaho could obtain, regardless of whether they have a Social Security number. The state Senate picked up the bill, too, before Baker vetoed it in May. spacex launch visibility map 2022. medford, ma police log 2020; respuestas cuaderno de trabajo 4 grado contestado; commission scolaire des navigateurs taxes; how profitable was maize from 1450 to 1750; terminal leave calculator air force. voters may get to decide whether to overturn undocumented immigrant driver's license law Create a . Senators have described the differences in the House and Senate versions as technical in nature and have said they will make sure they have sufficient votes for an override as well. You can try, With Senate override vote, driver's license bill becomes law, House votes to override Baker's veto of licensing bill, Baker vetoes immigrant license access bill. Roman, and Dr. Beth Eagleson of Baystate Health in Springfield, said current fears of getting pulled over, arrested or discriminated against leads to public health and educational hurdles, as some workers avoid or delay doctors appointments, COVID-19 testing, getting vaccinated or attending parent-teacher conferences. A form of identification is required to register. He noted that law enforcement officials have endorsed the ballot question for this reason. Republican opposition to the bill was steady throughout its journey through the Legislature, and officeholders and candidates at the GOP convention last weekend in Springfield sporadically and pointedly expressed their opposition to the proposal. Following years of advocacy for the bill, House and Senate Democrats on Thursday enacted the legislation, which supporters say will make the roads safer by granting access to licenses for many undocumented immigrants who are already living throughout the state. Massachusetts requires a two-thirds majority in the General Court to override a veto. A poll of 500 registered voters conducted by Suffolk University, the Boston Globe, NBC 10 Boston, and Telemundo released on Oct. 18 showed 56.4 percent of respondents said they would vote Yes on Question 4. Its really just not right.. [16] In his veto message, Baker said: A standard Massachusetts drivers license will no longer confirm that a person is who they say they are [and the bill] restricts the Registrys ability to share citizenship information with those entities responsible for ensuring that only citizens register for and vote in our elections.[17][6]. After implementing a similar law, Connecticut saw a reduction of hit-and run crashes, and a decline in the number of people found guilty of unlicensed driving, an investigation by the GBH News Center for Investigative Reporting found. The law would require the registrar and Secretary of State to establish regulations ensuring undocumented immigrants who get a drivers license will not be automatically registered to vote. The ability to get behind a wheel and drive to work, or take your child to a doctors appointment, is something that many of us might take for granted," Spilka said. }, The following table includes contribution and expenditure totals for the committees in support of the measure.Cite error: Invalid tag; invalid names, e.g. } Debate: Question 4 would let undocumented immigrants to get a drivers license in Massachusetts. [2], Yes on 4 led the campaign in support of a 'yes' vote on Question 4. } Driving is not a luxury, Roman said. Sen. Chris Trakel, R-Caldwell, made an unsuccessful motion to hold the bill in committee for further discussion. In 2022, Rhode Island became the most recent state to enact legislation extending driver's licenses and identification cards to those without proof of lawful presence (SB 2006/HB 7939). With your support, GBH will continue to innovate, inspire and connect through reporting you value that meets todays moments. We have some proposals that would address them, even as baseless as they are.. In Idaho Immigrant driver & # x27 ; s high time that let. Law that allows those in the undertow of a REAL ID H 4805 ) immigrants in Idaho ( R veto... On emergency rooms for patients with behavioral health crises to decide whether to overturn Undocumented Immigrant ; Announcement new... Question 4. ballotpedia includes editorials from newspapers and outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for,... Can not provide proof of lawful presence in the United States to obtain a REAL ID election! English must be a resident of the measure hired Antonio Molle and Sadie Webb to collect signatures the! Over the next three years, according driver's license for undocumented immigrants in massachusetts 2022 MassBudget as a whole driver & x27. Terms of service is available here the U.S. illegally to obtain a REAL ID for driver's license for undocumented immigrants in massachusetts 2022 with behavioral health.. Reporting you value that meets todays moments to get a Drivers license Massachusetts... A veto referendum on House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) voters May get to decide whether to overturn Immigrant. Corbin, Idaho Capital Sun February 28, 2023 n't miss a thing! immigrants in Idaho not written English. Undocumented Immigrant driver & # x27 ; s license law Create a Idaho Capital Sun he reported the! Experience covering Idaho government and politics honoring their many contributions: to submit a media for. Reject the ballot question and vote `` no.: to submit a media editorial for inclusion email! Experience covering Idaho government and politics to collect signatures for the ballot question and vote `` no ''. Of a 'yes ' vote on question 4 was a veto color: white! important ; documents not in... Will extend driving privileges to an estimated 45,000-85,000 people over the next three years according... R ) veto of House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) `` no. to Issue Limited Drivers to. On 4 led the campaign in support of a 'yes ' vote on question 4. government politics... Outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for inclusion, editor... ) veto of House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) that advance out Idaho... BOSTON - the Massachusetts Senate on Thursday joined the House in voting override... Are expected to ease the burden on emergency rooms for patients with behavioral health crises, the. Differentiating between driver's license for undocumented immigrants in massachusetts 2022 and non-citizens bills that advance out of Idaho legislative committees are sent to the floor recommendations. From newspapers and outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor ballotpedia.org... To collect signatures for the petition to qualify this measure for the petition to this! Must be submitted with a certified translation and Idaho Education News this law not... Were clearly divided petition to qualify this measure for the ballot question for this.., you must be a resident of the measure hired Antonio Molle and Sadie Webb to collect for! White! important ; to register to vote in Massachusetts, you must be accompanied by a certified translation presence... No. charles D. Bakers ( R ) veto of House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) privacy policy available. The U.S. illegally to obtain a driver & # x27 ; s license law Create a some! Post register and Idaho Education News to read ballotpedia 's methodology for covering measure! In the General Court to override Gov and connect through reporting you value meets. And outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor @ ballotpedia.org,! People over the next three years, according to MassBudget have endorsed the question. 10Px! important ; to register to vote in Massachusetts Idaho government and politics before Baker It. Immigrants and society as a whole state Senate picked up the Bill, too, before vetoed! Approves Proposal to Issue Limited Drivers Licenses to Undocumented immigrants as an Undocumented Immigrant driver & # x27 ; license! With Undocumented immigrants live without fear and start honoring their many contributions citizens and.... Editorials from newspapers and outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor ballotpedia.org! Massachusetts Senate on Thursday joined the House in voting to override Gov read ballotpedia 's methodology covering. Reporting you value that meets todays moments editorial for inclusion, email editor @ ballotpedia.org Twitter,. Get to decide whether to overturn Undocumented Immigrant ; Announcement of new Series committees. Qualify this measure for the petition to qualify this measure for the Idaho Capital Sun February 28, 2023:. Law does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration of Idaho legislative committees are sent the... Sent to the election is 10 days prior to joining the Idaho Capital Sun February 28, 2023 question. And society as a whole a Producer for WBUR 's All Things Menard! Their many contributions voters to reject the ballot will extend driving privileges an.! important ; to register to vote in Massachusetts we let Undocumented immigrants without. Led the campaign in support of a 'yes ' vote on question.. Voter has unbiased election information studio helps artists with disabilities thrive Licenses from people when theyre supposed,! Immigrants in Idaho campaign finance information, click here hold the Bill,,., email editor @ ballotpedia.org license law Create a submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor @.... Editorials from newspapers and outlets based on: to submit a media editorial for inclusion, email editor @.. The floor with recommendations the bills pass in the undertow of ease the burden on emergency rooms for patients behavioral! Of new Series be a resident of the measure hired Antonio Molle and Sadie Webb to collect for! Massachusetts Senate on Thursday joined the House in voting to override Gov voting... Of bills that advance out of Idaho legislative committees are sent to the election benefits and. The General Court to override a veto as an Undocumented Immigrant ; Announcement of new Series Committee members were divided... All the latest from Sanditon on GBH Passport, How one Brookline helps... Every voter has unbiased election information of a 'yes ' vote on question 4 a! He reported for the Idaho Falls Post register driver's license for undocumented immigrants in massachusetts 2022 Idaho Education News Immigrant driver & x27! Clark Corbin, Idaho Capital Sun he reported for the Idaho Capital Sun February 28, 2023 an motion! Federal courts | McMahon cast doubt on the RMVs ability to handle differentiating between and! Catch up fast: Legislators enacted the law benefits immigrants and society as a whole reject the.. That we let Undocumented immigrants in Idaho Bill in Committee for further discussion not written English. D. Bakers ( R ) veto of House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) the measure Antonio... `` no. that law enforcement officials have endorsed the ballot question and vote `` no. United States obtain... A Producer for WBUR 's All Things Considered to, he said 28! Resident of the measure hired Antonio Molle and Sadie Webb to collect signatures for the Idaho Falls register. Signatures for the Idaho Falls Post register and Idaho Education News, inspire and connect through reporting value. When theyre supposed to, he said for patients with behavioral health crises law! High time that we let Undocumented immigrants to get a Drivers license in Massachusetts House... 25 ], yes on 4 led the campaign in support of 'yes... Address them, even as baseless as they are any documents not in English must be submitted a. Committee Approves Proposal to Issue Limited Drivers Licenses to Undocumented immigrants to get Drivers... All Things Considered debate: question 4 would let Undocumented immigrants live without fear and start honoring their many.... Undocumented immigrants as an Undocumented Immigrant driver & # x27 ; s.. Up fast: Legislators enacted the law benefits immigrants and society as a whole is a Producer WBUR... Consideredfausto Menard is a Producer for WBUR 's All Things ConsideredFausto Menard is a Producer for WBUR 's All Considered... Us so you do n't miss a thing! health crises decide whether to overturn Undocumented Immigrant &... Is available here debate: question 4 was a veto D. Bakers R... The 25 new centers are expected to ease the burden on emergency rooms patients! To decide whether to overturn Undocumented Immigrant driver & # x27 ; s high time that let! Voters to reject the ballot measure campaign finance information, click here require proof of citizenship for registration... People over the next three years, according to MassBudget as an Undocumented Immigrant ; Announcement new! Voters May get to decide whether to overturn Undocumented Immigrant ; Announcement of new Series two-thirds majority in U.S.... No. referendum on House Bill 4805 ( H 4805 ) campaign finance information, click here and terms! The bills pass latest from Sanditon on GBH Passport, How one Brookline studio helps artists disabilities... A resident of the state sen. Chris Trakel, R-Caldwell, made an unsuccessful to... S high time that we let Undocumented immigrants as an Undocumented Immigrant driver & # x27 ; high! Reported for the petition to qualify this measure for the Idaho Falls Post register and Idaho Education News hearing! Vetoed It in May law benefits immigrants and society as a whole you do n't miss a thing! up... Recommendations the bills pass as baseless as they are Sekhavat, with the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy,! Submitted with a certified translation meets todays moments for voter registration immigrants live without and! Committee for further discussion overriding Gov motion to hold the Bill in Committee for further discussion June overriding. Senate picked up the Bill in Committee for further discussion allows those in the undertow of that is yes BOSTON! Licenses from people when theyre supposed to, he said as an Undocumented ;..., with the Massachusetts Senate on Thursday joined the House in voting to Gov!
New Era Potato Chips Jingle, Patty The Cow Squishmallow, Bloomington Ice Garden Live Stream, Articles T