[47] In 1986, she was able to travel freely to West Germany to attend a congress; she also participated in a multi-week language course in Donetsk, in the then-Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. She lost to Ulf Finke; this has been the only election to date Merkel has lost. Separate conferences of the CDU, CSU, and SPD approved the proposed Cabinet on 14 November 2005. "[119] Under Seehofer's plan, Germany would reject migrants who have already been deported or have an entry ban and would instruct police to turn away all migrants who have registered elsewhere in the EU, no matter if these countries agreed to take them back. Angela Merkel Phd Thesis Title, Cheap Descriptive Essay Editor Websites For University, Classification Essay On Types Of Lies, Saving For Future Essay, Best Assignment Editor Websites Au, Transformations Of Graphs Homework Day 3 Answers, The Influence Of Social Media On Youth Essay Angela Merkel, the German . 1513 Orders prepared. Stephen Milder From the Energiewende to the Paris Climate Accords, the worsening climate crisis has impacted Angela Merkel's domestic and international priorities. The following day, Merkel stated that the government would guarantee private savings account deposits, after all. In June 2008, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from Leipzig University. Literature argued that the increased right-wing preferences are a result of the European migrant crisis which has brought thousands of people, predominantly from Muslim countries to Germany, and spurred a perception among a share of Germans that refugees constitute an ethnic and cultural threat to Germany.[118]. Gnlerce haber izlemekten, Almanya tren istasyonlarna akn akn gelen Suriyeli ailelerin ve dier mltecilerin haberlerini okumaktan . Merkel's own ambition to become Chancellor was well-known, but she lacked the support of most Minister-presidents and other grandees within her own party. Parties, issues and candidates in the 2009 German federal election. Sweetnatured very rollandso thesis statement at beginning or end of introduction hard tiles he . She telephoned Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on 9 July to condemn "without reservation rocket fire on Israel". Although she did not participate in the crowd celebrations the night the wall came down, one month later Merkel became involved in the growing democracy movement, joining the new party Demokratischer Aufbruch (DA, or in English "Democratic Beginning"). ", Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic, "Wie Angela Merkel beinahe Thringerin wurde", "10 moments that define German chancellor Angela Merkel", "Merkel wirbt fr gute Finanzausstattung der Kommunen", "Opposition meltdown: The great disintegration act", "Popular flat-tax movement hits brick wall in Germany", "Arbeitsmarkt: Arbeitslosigkeit 2011 meist unter drei Millionen", "German election: Angela Merkel secures historic third win", "Angela Merkel reaches deal with SPD to form German-Grand-Coalition", "Deutscher Bundestag Bundeskanzlerin und Bundeskabinett vereidigt", "Angela Merkel's party crushed in Hamburg poll", "German opposition hits 11-year high in polls", "Merkel Approval Rating Drops to Four-Year Low on Refugee Crisis", "ARD-Deutschlandtrend: Mehrheit gegen EU-Beitritt der Trkei", "Half of Germans Oppose Fourth Term for Angela Merkel, Survey Finds", "ARD-DeutschlandTrend: Merkel berwindet ihr Tief", "Forsa-Umfrage: Mehrheit fr erneute Kanzlerkandidatur Merkels", "Flchtlingskrise wird 2017 die grte Herausforderung", "Koalition: Merkel ldt ab Mittwoch kommender Woche zu Jamaika-Gesprchen", "Angela Merkel Ready to Move Forward with Jamaica Coalition", "Germany's SPD is ready for talks to end coalition deadlock", "Bundestag whlt Angela Merkel zum vierten Mal zur Bundeskanzlerin", "Waning support puts Merkel's future in doubt", "Deutscher Bundestag Angela Merkel mit 364 Stimmen zur Bundeskanzlerin gewhlt", "Germany's never-ending coalition talks break record", "Merkel secures fourth term in power after SPD backs coalition deal", "Merkel says her conservatives face hard battle after 16 years in power", "Germany's SPD, FDP and Greens unveil governing coalition deal | DW | 24.11.2021", "Olaf Scholz elected as Germany's new Chancellor, replacing Angela Merkel", "Merkel says German multicultural society has failed", "Merkel Says German Multi-Cultural Society Has Failed", "Zentralrat der Juden kritisiert Seehofer: Debatte ist scheinheilig und hysterisch", "Merkel Losing Her Patience with Lack of EU Solidarity", "Germany pushes for EU solidarity on migration again", "Germany drops EU rules to allow in Syrian refugees", Migrant crisis: Germany 'can take 500,000 asylum seekers a year', "Immigration fuels rising tension in Germany", "Germany: 'No Limit' To Refugees We'll Take In", "Germans welcome thousands of newly arrived refugees", "Merkel splits conservative bloc with green light to refugees", Refugee crisis: Many migrants falsely claim to be Syrians, Germany says as EU tries to ease tensions, Berlin calls for sanctions on EU states that reject refugee quotas, "Germany: Coalition split on transit zones", "Paris Attacks Provoke Fresh Migrant Fears in Europe", "Merkel, While Refusing to Halt Migrant Influx, Works to Limit It", "Germany's future interior minister Horst Seehofer vows to increase deportations", "Germany: Interior minister gives Merkel ultimatum on migrants", "Germany's interior minister Horst Seehofer wants 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Donald Trump say a lot about their countries' future relations", "Merkel, After Discordant G-7 Meeting, Is Looking Past Trump", "Angela Merkel: EU cannot completely rely on US and Britain any more", "Merkel Signals New Era for Europe as Trump Smashes Consensus", "Angela Merkel sets off for China to forge new economic ties", "Trump praises Xi soon after death of Chinese dissident", "More than 20 ambassadors condemn China's treatment of Uighurs in Xinjiang", "Dependence on Russian gas worries some but not all European countries", Germany's Angela Merkel slams planned U.S. sanctions on Russia, "Klitschko, Merkel discuss prospects for signing EU-Ukraine association agreement", "Hamas rockets reach the north, Abbas charges Israel with genocide", "Merkel calls Sudeten German expulsion "immoral", drawing Czech ire", "Hypo Real Gets EU50 Billion Government-Led Bailout", "Germany guarantees all private bank accounts", "Germany to guarantee Private Bank Accounts", "Bundesregierung | Rede von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel beim Jahrestreffen 2013 des World Economic Forum", "Rede von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel anlsslich der Verleihung der Ehrendoktorwrde der Universitt Szeged", "What Personality Type is Angela Merkel? "Sticking to her guns or going with the flow: assessing rigidity and flexibility in Angela Merkel's political decision making. ", This page was last edited on 18 April 2023, at 09:17. [72], When announcing the coalition agreement, Merkel stated that the main aim of her government would be to reduce unemployment, and that it was this issue on which her government would be judged. [116], In October 2016, Merkel travelled to Mali and Niger. Merkel was therefore appointed deputy spokesperson of the new and last pre-unification government under Lothar de Maizire.[50]. [297][298][299] Critics argued that under her tenure, Germany and Europe was weakened by a dependency on Russian natural gas, including the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines,[297][298] and that the German military was neglected by underfunding. for her thesis on quantum chemistry in 1986,[46] she worked as a researcher and published several papers. [268] The Central Council of Muslims in Germany[269][270] and the Left Party[271] (Die Linke) as well as the German Green Party[d][272] criticised the action by the centre-right chancellor. Merkel was born Angela Dorothea Kasner in 1954, in Hamburg, West Germany, the daughter of Horst Kasner (19262011; n Kamierczak),[22][23] a Lutheran pastor and a native of Berlin, and his wife Herlind (19282019; ne Jentzsch), born in Danzig (now Gdask, Poland), a teacher of English and Latin. ID 8212. The parliamentary group leader Volker Kauder said that Islam is not part of Germany and that Muslims should deliberate on the question why so many violent people refer to the Quran.[284]. [178] When Merkel retired as Chancellor, Hillary Clinton wrote that "she led Europe through difficult times with steadiness and bravery, and for four long years, she was the leader of the free world. At the 2009 federal election, the CDU obtained the largest share of the vote, and Merkel was able to form a coalition government with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Merkel was twice named the world's second most powerful person, following Vladimir Putin, by Forbes magazine, the highest ranking ever achieved by a woman. In 2014, she became the longest-serving incumbent head of government in the EU. In doing so, she reflected public opinion that grew more hostile toward Turkish membership of the European Union. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), she previously served as Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2005 and as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union from 2000 to 2018. From 2014 until 2018 she served as the German Ambassador to . We value democratic peace and support Ukraine in its fight for freedom and democratic development. A character named Merkel, accompanied by a sidekick called Schuble, also appears as the sinister female henchman in Michael Paraskos's novel In Search of Sixpence. [190], On 1 June 2022 Merkel made her first semi-public comments about political affairs since leaving office, at a retirement party for Reiner Hoffmann[de], the president of the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB). [137] Obama's farewell visit to Berlin in November 2016 was widely interpreted as the passing of the torch of global liberal leadership to Merkel as Merkel was seen by many as the new standard bearer of liberal democracy since the election of Donald Trump as US president. [182] However, political observers had long considered Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer as Merkel's protg groomed for succession. We as Christians should above all not be afraid of standing up for our beliefs. ", Van Halsema, Catherine. "A Third Term for a Popular Chancellor: An Analysis of Voting Behaviour in the 2013 German Federal Election. [41], Near the end of her studies, Merkel sought an assistant professorship at an engineering school. [67][68] However, after three weeks of negotiations, the two parties reached a deal whereby Merkel would become Chancellor and the SPD would hold 8 of the 16 seats in the cabinet. If the region is to prosper in competition with emerging countries, it cannot continue to be so generous. [58], Merkel argued that Germany should phase out nuclear power less quickly than the Schrder administration had planned. : The Life, Political Career, and Future of the New German Chancellor", "Angela Merkel, the girl who never wanted to stand out, to win big again", "Angela Merkel's journey from Communist East Germany to Chancellor", "Angela Merkel Biography, Political Career & Facts", "5 Things to Know About Germany's Angela Merkel", "Life in Communist East Germany was 'almost comfortable' at times, Merkel says", "Angela Merkel's Years in East Germany Shaped Her Crisis Politics", "I Was a Squatter, Reveals German Chancellor Merkel", "How Close Was Merkel to the Communist System? [67] The result was so close, both Schrder and Merkel claimed victory. ", Schnee, Christian. The statement came in a conference along with Nigerian writer and feminist Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Angela merkel doctoral dissertation by connectioncenter.3m.com . He said giving Mr Westergaard the prize in a "highly charged and heated time" was "highly problematic". She signed the agreement for the Transatlantic Economic Council on 30 April 2007 at the White House. [189], On 25 February 2022, only 24 hours after the Russian invasion of Ukraine began, she told the DPA news agency that she "condemned in the strongest terms [] the war of aggression led by Russia, which marks a profound break in the history of post-Cold War Europe. [305], On the American sketch-comedy Saturday Night Live, she has been parodied by Kate McKinnon since 2013. This happened at a time of fierce emotional debate in Germany over a book by the former Deutsche Bundesbank executive and finance senator of Berlin Thilo Sarrazin, which was critical of the Muslim immigration. [160], The Financial Times commented: "Although Ms Merkel stopped short of suggesting that a ceiling on social spending might be one yardstick for measuring competitiveness, she hinted as much in the light of soaring social spending in the face of an ageing population. [205] Vladimir Putin brought in his Labrador Retriever during a press conference in 2007. Her PhD thesis studied climate policy discourses in the U.S. Rust Belt states. "[190], In April her spokesperson stated that she "stood by her position at the NATO summit in Bucharest in 2008," when she had opposed Ukraine's membership in the North Atlantic Alliance. [42][49] In April 1990, DA merged with the East German Christian Democratic Union, which in turn merged with its western counterpart after reunification. After Stoiber's defeat in 2002, in addition to her role as CDU Leader, Merkel became Leader of the Opposition in the Bundestag; Friedrich Merz, who had held the post prior to the 2002 election, was eased out to make way for Merkel. In the German federal election of 1990, the first to be held following reunification, Merkel successfully stood for election to the Bundestag in the parliamentary constituency of Stralsund Nordvorpommern Rgen in north Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Angela Merkel's Phd Political and literary pdf creator research paper . Angela Merkel's tenure will be remembered for the style rather than the substance of her chancellorship. [87][88] The collapse of these talks led to stalemate. "[44], After being awarded a doctorate (Dr. rer. [115] There appeared to be a consensus among officials, with the exception of Merkel, that a higher level of scrutiny was needed in vetting migrants with respect to their mission in Germany. [285] Chancellor Merkel insisted that Germany has the economic strength to cope with the influx of migrants and reiterated that there is no legal maximum limit on the number of migrants Germany can take. A ZMD spokesman, Aiman Mazyek, told public broadcaster Deutschlandradio that the Chancellor was honouring someone "who in our eyes kicked our prophet, and therefore kicked all Muslims". China afterwards cancelled separate talks with German officials, including talks with Justice Minister Brigitte Zypries. [156] However, two days later, on 6 October 2008, it emerged that the pledge was simply a political move that would not be backed by legislation. [73], Her party was re-elected in 2009 with an increased number of seats, and could form a governing coalition with the FDP. [160] She produces graphs of unit labour costs at EU meetings in much the same way that the late Margaret Thatcher used to pull passages from Friedrich Hayek's Road to Serfdom from her handbag. 2019. ", Faas, Thorsten. Her leadership certainly has been an inspiration to many women, and appointing two female ministers to a formerly male-dominated area . "I don't know how often we've been asked to check Angela Merkel's doctoral thesis," says Weber-Wulff. In response, Susan Rice pledged that the US would desist from spying on her personally, but said there would not be a no-espionage agreement between the two countries. ", Saalfeld, Thomas. Stoiber voted for Merkel. [53], After the Kohl Government was defeated at the 1998 election, Merkel was appointed Secretary-General of the CDU,[52] a key position as the party was no longer part of the federal government. "[190], On 7 June 2022 Merkel made her first public comments. In August 2019, 67% of Germans wanted Merkel to stay until the end of her term in 2021, while only 29% wanted her to step down earlier. In 2012, Merkel said, regarding her faith: "I am a member of the evangelical church. July 2, 2019 11:29 pm CET. Phd Thesis Angela Merkel 100% Success rate ID 10820 > ID 14317 Only a Ph.D. professional can handle such a comprehensive project as a dissertation. "Coalition Governance under Chancellor Merkel's Grand Coalition: A Comparison of the Cabinets Merkel I and Merkel II. "[101] She continued to say that immigrants should integrate and adopt Germany's culture and values. [43] At the Academy of Sciences, she became a member of its FDJ secretariat. Chancellor Angela Merkel holds several honorary titles and a doctorate in Physics, . Sat 9 Feb 2013 08.52 EST Germany's education minister has resigned after being stripped of her doctorate because of plagiarism, in the second such case to hit Angela Merkel's government in two. [105] That year, nearly 1.1 million asylum seekers entered Germany. "But it . The same year, in March, China's President Xi Jinping visited Germany. News that this Wunderfrau aka German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen could become the Commission's next president left European capitals . The three figures are 7%, 25% and 50%. [181], She decided not to suggest any person as her successor as leader of the CDU. ", Voigt, Linda. "'We Can Do This': Merkel, Migration and the Fantasy of Control. [288][289][290] The Asia Times reported that "Unlike certain of her European counterparts, her China diplomacy has focused on non-interference in Beijing's internal affairs. "Austos 2015'te, yani Angela Merkel'in Almanya'nn snrlarn mltecilere at yaz Berlin'de geiriyordum. In foreign policy, Merkel has emphasised international cooperation, both in the context of the EU and NATO, and strengthening transatlantic economic relations. "Merely a referendum on Chancellor Merkel? In September 2021, after years of evading the question, Merkel said she considered herself a feminist. [274], The term alternativlos (German for "without an alternative"), which was frequently used by Angela Merkel to describe her measures addressing the European sovereign-debt crisis, was named the Un-word of the Year 2010 by a jury of linguistic scholars. [110] Seehofer criticised Merkel's decision to allow in migrants, saying that "[they were] in a state of mind without rules, without system and without order because of a German decision. In January 2019, Merkel received the 2018 Fulbright Prize for International Understanding from the, Crossley-Frolick, Katy A. The DA sank as a result, only managing to elect four members to the Volkskammer. Aston University. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. [132] Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy also blamed Merkel and then-French president Nicolas Sarkozy's decision to block Ukraine from joining NATO in 2008 for the war; Merkel released a statement that she stands by her decision. [146], In response to the death of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who died of organ failure while in government custody, Merkel said in a statement that Liu had been a "courageous fighter for civil rights and freedom of expression. For other uses, see, The English pronunciation of her first name could be, The medal is presented to people who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, or cultural or other significant public or private endeavors, Grne/Bndnis 90 Spokesman Renate Knast: "I wouldn't have done it", said Green Party floor leader Renate Knast. We also encourage you to support Ukrainein its defense of democracy by donating at #StandWithUkraine. Reforms to the Bundeswehr which abolished conscription, health care reform, and her government's response to the 2010s European migrant crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany were major issues during her chancellorship. [84] According to another poll taken in November 2016, 59% were to found to be in favour of a renewed Chancellor candidature of Merkel in 2017. On 23 November 2021, a new coalition was announced, with Olaf Scholz nominated to succeed Merkel. [310], "Merkel" redirects here. [292][293] Many critics blamed the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and closure of nuclear plants for contributing to the 20212022 global energy crisis. It was true that the right to freedom of expression also applies to cartoons, she said. I offer the next president of the United States, Donald Trump, close cooperation on the basis of these values. [153], During the financial crisis of 20072008, the German government stepped in to assist the mortgage company Hypo Real Estate with a bailout, which was agreed on 6 October, with German banks to contribute 30 billion and the Bundesbank 20 billion to a credit line. Family and early years of Angela Merkel. She was able to speak informally to Vladimir Putin in Russian, but conducted diplomatic dialogue through an interpreter. "[39], At school Merkel learned to speak Russian fluently, and was awarded prizes for her proficiency in Russian and mathematics. [296] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Merkel faced renewed criticisms that she had failed to curb Russian president Vladimir Putin's ambitions and aggression by insisting on diplomacy and dtente policies. [108] In September 2015, enthusiastic crowds across the country welcomed arriving refugees and migrants. In November 1991, Merkel, with the support of the federal CDU, ran for the leadership of the neighboring CDU in Brandenburg. "Here we have the situation where six members, or even seven if you want to add the EU, stand against one. His thesis - Constitution and Constitutional Treaty: Constitutional Developments in the US and EU - was completed in 2006 and published in 2009. Chancellor Merkel insisted on Monday that she. Junior coalition partner, Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel said that Germany could take in 500,000 refugees annually for the next several years. when the academic council of the philosophy department at Dsseldorf university decided that her PhD thesis in 1980 contained frequent unattributed quotations that . Customer Reviews. [157] Other European governments eventually either raised the limits or promised to guarantee savings in full.[157]. [197] She has no children, but Sauer has two adult sons from a previous marriage. Her paternal grandfather, Ludwik Kasner, was a German policeman of Polish ethnicity, who had taken part in Poland's struggle for independence in the early 20th century. Especially nuclear physics. In October 2018, Merkel announced that she would stand down as Leader of the CDU at the party convention, and would not seek a fifth term as chancellor in the 2021 federal election. She argued that existing laws made the country less competitive, because companies could not easily control labour costs when business is slow. 8 September 2010. [293][294][295], Merkel government admitted German firms to sell dual use military equipment to Russia, however rejected arms exports to Ukraine. [16] Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, briefly serving as deputy spokeswoman for the first democratically elected Government of East Germany led by Lothar de Maizire. Thoroughly researched, expertly written, and styled accordingly. [21] In 2022, Merkel condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [151], Merkel expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself during the 2014 IsraelGaza conflict. In her childhood and youth, Merkel was known among her peers by the nickname "Kasi", derived from her last name Kasner. Example; Wikipedia. [57], Merkel supported a substantial reform agenda for Germany's economic and social system, and was considered more pro-market than her own party (the CDU). She and her governments have been closely associated with the Wandel durch Handel policy. [18] At the 2017 federal election, Merkel led the CDU to become the largest party for the fourth time; Merkel formed a third grand coalition with the SPD and was sworn in for a joint-record fourth term as Chancellor on 14 March 2018.[19]. [63] She regained some momentum after she announced that she would appoint Paul Kirchhof, a former judge at the German Constitutional Court and leading fiscal policy expert, as Minister of Finance. [18][76], The CDU/CSU turned to the SPD to form the third grand coalition in postwar German history and the second under Merkel's leadership. [citation needed] A policy Seehofer announced is that he has a "master plan for faster asylum procedures, and more consistent deportations. [33][34][35] Membership was nominally voluntary, but those who did not join found it difficult to gain admission to higher education. The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung newspaper wrote: "This will probably be the most explosive moment of her chancellorship so far. In 1930, they Germanized the Polish name Kamierczak to Kasner. This necessitated long negotiations among the various parties to form a government. Argument | Sudha David-Wilp, Elisabeth Winter. . Unemployment sank below the mark of 3 million unemployed people. [176] She was found in a 2018 survey to be the most respected world leader internationally. [109], Horst Seehofer, leader of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU)the sister party of Merkel's Christian Democratic Unionand then-Bavarian Minister President, attacked Merkel's policies. While she studied physics, her predecessors studied law, business or history, among other professions. In May 2016, Merkel received the International Four Freedoms Award from the Roosevelt Foundation in Middelburg, the Netherlands. Feb 22, 2021. [195] Her second and current husband is quantum chemist and professor Joachim Sauer, who has largely remained out of the media spotlight. [149], In June 2017, Merkel criticized the draft of new US sanctions against Russia that target EURussia energy projects, including Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. In domestic policy, Merkel's Energiewende program has focused on future energy development, seeking to phase out nuclear power in Germany, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase renewable energy sources. Among her supporters, Merkel is often referred to. [115] However, while not officially limiting the influx numerically, Merkel tightened asylum policy in Germany. [25] He married Merkel's grandmother Margarethe, a German from Berlin, and relocated to her hometown where he worked in the police. [21][180] In August 2019, Merkel hinted that she might return to academia at the end of her term in 2021. Global The Secret to Germany's COVID-19 Success: Angela Merkel Is a Scientist The chancellor's rigor in collating information, her honesty in stating what is not yet known, and her composure. Merkel has a PhD in Physical Chemistry which she got from the Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Adlershof for her thesis on quantum chemistry. [286] Under her open-borders policy several women were murdered by the unchecked immigrants like the Murder of Maria Ladenburger and 2018 Killing of Susanna Feldmann, it also allowed the events of the 2015/2016 New Year's Eve, mainly in the city of Cologne, where hundreds of women were sexually assaulted. He's afraid of his own weakness."[205]. Instead Merkel announced that Germany would also process asylum applications from Syrian refugees if they had come to Germany through other EU countries. [citation needed] Although Merkel's standing recovered after she distanced herself from Kirchhof's proposals, she remained considerably less popular than Schrder,[citation needed] and the CDU's lead was down to 9% on the eve of the election. However, the CDU/CSU campaign suffered[62] when Merkel, having made economic competence central to the CDU's platform, confused gross and net income twice during a televised debate. Angela merkel phd thesis Nagging feeling teilli on order prednisone dislikedin a lath. She hosted the twelfth meeting at the 2017 G20 Hamburg summit. Angela Merkel Phd Thesis, Essays On Book 1984, Customer Service Supervisor Resume Example, Fingerprint Recognition Thesis Reports, A List Of How I Can Be The Awsomest Fith Grade President, Risk Management In Construction Thesis Pdf, Nietzsche Term Paper 1(888)302-2675 1(888)814-4206 Merkel was the first woman to be elected as Chancellor, and the first Chancellor since reunification to have been raised in the former East Germany. She was the first woman to hold that office and the second longest-serving chancellor in German history. It's an objective breach of all international laws and of everything that allows us in Europe to live in peace at all. [281], In July 2014 Merkel said trust between Germany and the United States could only be restored by talks between the two, and she would seek to have talks. 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