The good news is that there are many oil-based and water-based floor finishes that have low amounts of VOCs. Some of the better known VOCs are benzene (in cigarette smoke), formaldehyde (in building materials), and toluene, xylene, acetone, methylethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate (in paint). Product identifier 275 VOC PRECAT LACQUER SATIN WHITE Product code 410-0254 Other means of identification None. One of the elements always seems to be carbon, hence the organic part of the name. Minwaxs 250 VOC Compliant Wood Finish is a penetrating oil-based wood stain, available in 22 wood tone colors. Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use A protective and/or decorative finish or accompanying paint product. For your best non-toxic flooring option, check out our selection of beautiful, solid hardwood. Ugh! H.B. qbpM\4471j5W)l7F(c 10. The smell of paint usually gives away the fact that you're probably breathing in something that's bad for your health. According to the European Union, a VOC is essentially any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degrees C., However, just to add to our confusion, the World Health Organization categorizes indoor organic pollutants in amazingly simple terms as very volatile, volatile and semi-volatile., Local governments in the U.S. seem to have a better handle on the whole concept than any of these larger bodies. These floors tend to outgas when new, but its harmless linseed oil that dissipates quickly. So why are there VOCs in paint at all if they're so unhealthy, and are there other options? Conversion varnish, a film-forming finish that is durable and easily maintained, offers incredible clarity and enhances the color of the floor. So lets take a quick look at the problem in laymans terms. Typically, the end-users main concerns are appearance, longevity, maintenance, and air quality. He's currently a freelance woodworking writer/editor, which is another way of stating self-employed. [K'B&BoRaL %PDF-1.4 % . tAlWKPgJ$cQ}Uh)4'2W{. The companys hard wax oil finish is produced from natural materials such as vegetable oil and natural waxes made from purified renewable natural raw resources. Once you determine the likely sources of VOCs, you can take a number of different steps to cut down the exposure. Required fields are marked *. Moreover, they collide with the gases in the air when emitted, causing environmental damage. This article originally appeared in the May 2013 issue. Look for natural fibers like wool and opt-out of the extras mentioned above. To reflect the policies of the shipping companies we use, all weights will be rounded up to the next full pound. Watch on. Turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric . endobj (Greenguard is part of Underwriters Laboratories and helps manufacturers create interior products and materials that have low chemical emissions.). Engineered wood uses much of the same processes as laminates. We look forward to supplying you with a stock solvent or a custom formulated solvent that meets your cleaning requirements. The noxious fumes are harmful to the respiratory system, and can mix with other pollutants in the air and contribute to smog. VOCs are dangerous for a couple of reasons. 10 What is a natural source of VOCs? <> NC275 offers low post-process residues and has proven to reduce . Bad odor and stale air are uncomfortable and affect people's feeling of cleanliness. For example, you have to consider such things as how humid the room can get, how many layers you'll need, what ingredients are necessary for the job to turn out right and how long the paint will last. 1 0 obj Xf6"M;N@L64Z_:c>h+/YQW@Z(|$. The MPI Green Performance Standard (GPS-1-12) requires that the manufacturer demonstrate that VOC concentrations of the product shall not exceed those listed below as determined by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reference Test Method 24 (Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density Volume Solids, and Weight . The coating has excellent leveling and a smooth even appearance, even on open-grain . So if 1000 is considered safe and unharmful, our score of 15 should definitely put your mind at ease! Other sources, such as particle board may continue to offgas for 20 years or more. These regulations vary from state-to-state and can be as high as 550g/L and as low as 275g/L. The binding agents in cork flooring use urea melamine and phenol-formaldehyde. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The system is free of lead and chromate hazards, too. Oil-Based Polyurethane. The colorant added to the paint has VOCs, as well (the darker the color, the higher the levels). Tech Talk: What is the Strangest Issue You Have Seen Related to Finish? MPI's X-Green PPerformance Standard simplifies the process of specifying environmentally-safe interior high quality architectural coatings by establishing 'X-Green' editions of MPI's existing paint categories. As well see in a moment, the adhesives in engineered flooring can cause unhealthy levels of VOCs, especially formaldehyde. Sarah Alban As most health related studies are conducted on single chemicals, not much is known about the health effects of exposure to combination of chemicals. No-VOC paint, as regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, will have five or fewer grams of VOCs per liter of paint. Excerpt from "Volatile Organic Compounds" Definition per 40 CFR Part 51.100 (s): " Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions. This is how much your real solid hardwood floor will cost: We're sorry, freight costs to , () require a manual quotation. 19080 | NC275 VOC Free, NoClean Flux, Low Residue, Versatile - 5-Gallon Pail, KDC-5 | Kennedy Series Complete Set with LisStat Static Control Laminate - Round Front Edge - 30" x 60", 89278 | SN63, M8 NoClean Solder Paste, T4 - 500g Jar, STTC-146 | Soldering Tip, Bevel, Long, 1mm (0.04 "), 60Deg for MX Iron, RM3E & H1-AV Handpieces, 700 Series, 21486 | SN63, NC257MD NoClean Solder Paste for MYCRONIC MY700 / 600 / 500 Jet Printers - 100g Syringe, 21490 | SAC305, NC257MD NoClean Solder Paste for MYCRONIC MY700 / 600 / 500 Jet Printers - 100g Syringe, 20119 | NC275 VOC Free, NoClean Flux, Low Residue, Versatile - 1-Gallon Container, 18083 | FX16 No CLean Flux, Halide/Halogen Free, Electrically Safe - 5 Gallon Pail, MCC-PW2P | Lead-Free Flux Remover- PowerClean - 5-Gallon Pail, MCC-PW2G | Lead-Free Flux Remover- PowerClean - 1-Gallon Mini-Pail, MCC-EC7MG | Slow Drying Citrus Flux Remover - EC7M - 1-Gallon Mini-Pail, 22460 | SAC305 Lead Free, NC258 NoClean Solder Paste, T3 - 600g Cartridge, ACC2220 | Push/Lever start, clutch controlled, inline driver, 120V, 6.2-17.7 in/lb, 950 Max RPM, 5082 | CUTTER, 50 DEGREE SMALL OVAL FLUSH STANDARD. 2 0 obj<>endobj xctfm%mWRmmmIm}O?=^xk169! Generally, homemade paints come with strings attached that make using them a hassle. Low VOC content can cause negative health effects both acute and chronic due to overexposure to the solvent that contains the hazardous compounds. 2010. High VOCs are more the norm than exception The current South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) limit for VOC emissions from clear finishes is 275 grams per liter (g/l), 250 g/l for stains, and 730 g/l for shellac-all relatively high levels when you consider that zero-VOC paints are now common. That is, they all have more than one element from the periodic table. Available in satin, semi-gloss, and gloss sheens. Its expensive in small quantities (about $116 a liter, which delivers roughly 500 sq. The Air Quality Management District is the air pollution control agency for Orange County and the urban portions of Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties, which the agency itself describes as the smoggiest region of the U.S. So just what exactly is a volatile organic compound? What is a low VOC level in a paint or stain? Wood Floor Finish Performance Discrepancies. What Are The Safe Formaldehyde Emission Limits? Aug. 29, 2009. Vinyl is a petroleum-based product made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The only upside is that both consumers and manufacturers are now aware of the problems of exposure to VOCs. ft. of coverage on hardwoods, less with color added), but when it comes to VOCs, its safe. It reduces concrete buildup, increases wood form longevity through reducing the absorption of alkaline bleed water and substantially reduces surface voids. <>/Metadata 621 0 R/ViewerPreferences 622 0 R>> Headaches, loss of coordination and nausea, Long-term damage to the liver, kidney and central nervous system, All flooring is 3/4 thick solid white oak (not laminate or engineered), In-stock items are delivered to your curbside in 7-14 days (continental USA only), Easily install yourself, or hire an expert. If you had to make a guess about what you were smelling, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) would be a good bet. The variant has also popped up in . VOC levels may fall within the limit of 725g/L. From January to May 2015, they sold laminate flooring made in Chin The flooring was said to be "low voc vinyl flooring", but unfortunately, the adhesives contained toxic levels of formaldehyde, and homeowners across the country were becoming ill from the off-gassing. Choose linseed, Tung, and other natural oils. Some are food-grade for toys, countertops, salad bowls and kids furniture. The Milesi 275 VOC Compliant Clear Polyurethane system is available as a sealer and topcoats in several sheens, and will be presented during IWF 2016 in Atlanta at booth #1553. Although the majority of VOCs leave the paint as the wall dries, not all of them do. Our flooring scored an A+. They can also outgas for months. 3 0 obj Its one thing to know that you are about to create a VOC hazard by painting or stripping. <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.5 842] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> There are very many different VOCs and their effects can range from highly toxic to no known negative health effects. Most Volatile Organic Compounds dissipate very quickly from paint on their own. How long does paint off gassing last? If the SDS you need is not listed below, please contact your local AIM Sales Rep or contact us to request the document. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Easy to apply and quick drying, this polyurethane will provide lasting, durable protection from abrasion, marring, chipping, alcohol, and water. When being analyzed, scientists consider short-term exposures, which are calculated in hours or days, and long term exposures, which can be months or even a lifetime. MPI Green Performance Standard (GPS-2-12) provides for a maximum allowable limit of 50 g/L of VOCs. Some VOC's as formaldehyde can cause cancer. For example, Monocoat has been around since 1906 and is now a division of Special Hardwood Products. As it stands 16 states have adopted the more stringent 250 regulation: These states include: California, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire . Benjamin Moore Eco Spec - A good all-around paint especially for commercial . However, many come directly from flooring materials and the adhesives used in the process. Turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric . It will continue to amber out from the effects of oxidation and UV rays, so the floor will take on a yellowish cast as the floor ages. NC275 is a VOC-free, water-based no-clean liquid flux formulated to offer a very wide process window for lead-free and tin-lead wave soldering operations. Long-term exposure to high levels of some VOCs is thought to cause liver and kidney damage, and even some cancers. The amount of volatile compounds emitted from flooring products depends upon the processes and chemicals used in the manufacturing process. It has a low odor and application is a breeze. Here's the first caveat: the amount of VOCs listed on a can of paint is the amount in the base coating. In the woodshop, common sources for these potentially dangerous chemicals are paint, lacquer, paint stripper, cleaning solvents, sheet goods, glues and adhesives. . Absorb remaining product with sand, earth or vermiculite. They can linger for several hours after. However, they continue to emit gas slowly for years to come. (This is only for latex paint, a common type used in household painting.). If your company or organization needs an efficacious, industrial grade, low VOC cleaning solvent, contact us today at (800) 563-1305, or use the contact form on our website. These products are subject to the Wood coatings VOC limit of 275 g/L in the CARB 2020 SCM; No products reported in the survey have a VOC content below 275 g/L; 35: Mastic texture coating, to be applied in a single coat of at least 0.254 mm dry film thickness to cover holes and minor cracks and to conceal surface irregularities: 300: 100: 100 . When you spread a brush loaded with paint across a wall, the VOCs that are released are the stuff of evaporation -- the chemicals that make a wet wall become dry. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. As the levels of toxicity differ for each VOC, there are no health-based standards for VOCs as a group. PLoS ONE. 28 March 2011. Volatile Organic Compounds tend to dissipate fairly quickly from paint, lasting only 6 months or so after application. The best bet for low or no VOCs is pre-finished solid hardwood floors such as Easiklip. While international giants such as Akzo Nobel, Henkel, Britains ICI Group, PPG and BASF are all serious players in this field, American companies are also taking this issue very seriously. 8 Why are VOCs bad for you? (Dec. 26, 2010)http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml77/77096.html, United States Environmental Protection Agency. A solvent that has low VOC content usually isn't as safe as one that has no VOCs. Paint with less than 250 grams of VOCs per liter is considered low-VOC paint [source: Midwest Eco-Design].Like many healthier alternatives, no- and low-VOC paint usually costs more (about 20 to 80 . Finishes on bamboo floors may contain high levels of it. Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use A protective and/or decorative finish or accompanying paint product. It is known for it's anti-bacterial and preservative properties. Low-VOC products typically have little or no odor. DuPont has developed Capstone, which has allowed them to formulate both low-VOC and VOC-free paints and coating applications. stream 0 Product identifier 275 VOC PREMIUM C.V., SATIN, WHITE Product code 450-0022 Other means of identification None. While some VOCs come with an extremely pungent smell, others have no odor at all. @'9CN. 0p21p$R XX`;9Q(Q"C=hnjCD`ekg q|P r2[5$eeU6 +"ygC+s#"is##? VDA 275 determines the formaldehyde content by using the flask method. The one that had given me trouble had a subtle message in the sunburst on the can, "VOC Compliant," I think it said. Government regulations have required manufacturers of finishes to change formulations to become more VOC-compliant over the last few years. Its important to follow instructions and use proper ventilation. Sign up for our newsletter and be the first to know about coupons and special promotions. PhosLab Environmental Laboratories According to experts, a level of 0.3 to 0.5 mg/m3 is safe. If you're looking for the healthiest alternative to standard paint, sticking to no- and low-VOC options is a good idea. Some of the most common symptoms of VOC exposure include: The best approach to protecting yourself from the harmful effects is by limiting exposure to VOCs. Acceptable levels of TVOC ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 mg/m3 of concentration. Room temperature, if you will. solvent and cleaning rags in a safe and compliant manner. Some of the VOCs are believed to cause illness and even increase cancer risk. "Just How Dangerous Are VOCs in Paint?" Choosing a finish becomes a real balancing act with many factors to consider. Do your research and check out this study on toxic chemicals being widespread in vinyl flooring. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) has a booklet about formaldehyde you can download called, FORMALDEHYDE IN COMPOSITE WOOD PRODUCTS: Meeting the New U.S. EPA Regulations. It will give youplenty of information on formaldehyde off-gassing from composite wood products. Use only spark-free shovels and explosion proof equipment. Youll need to do your homework to find the brands that dont use formaldehyde and that produce low levels of volatile compounds. Thank you for your support. The trick is to educate everyone involved as to what options are available in order to achieve the best balance between the look the end-user wants, the suitability of the finish to their lifestyle, and the impact on indoor air quality. Lakeland , FL 33813, Emerald Coast Utilities Authority (ECUA) is a Florida-based sanitation and, According to a report from activist group Environment Florida, several, Recently, the Department of Environmental Regulation hailed the passing of, Normally at this time of summer, Florida residents can look, Duis est enim, feugiat sit amet sollicitudin ut, mattis interdum. That wax and oil combination seems to be one key to the new generation of low- or no-VOC finishes. If you think you may be having health problems, VOC testing services recommend reducing the levels at home. Product data sheet available here. However, what happens when you are unaware of them because they are already part of the products in the home before you moved in? SMT Component Adhesives, Underfills, etc. "#[cZsd%Hd@h02{f'DGdp6wtNdHd``wND6FV7`NFvNDO'3j; 45rcaFm nN2;Y_6`j`lptWDKvvV7r0wrX00i ? Acceptable VOC levels in the air for human health. Returns PolicyYou may return most new, unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund. Thanks for the informative article. Custom CMS block displayed at the left sidebar on the Catalog Page. Take a comprehensive view of safety; . To keep a room baby-safe, choose low-VOC or zero-VOC paint. Only purchase chemicals that you know you need to use and follow directions on product labels. It happened to thousands of homeowners who had cheaply made flooring from China. Defthane provides added protection from water, sun and wind damage. VOC restrictions have limited the use of these finishes in some parts of the U.S. Moisture-cured urethanes are usually applied in commercial settings such as roller rinks and gymnasiums. NC275 is ready to use from the container for spray systems. You should know that by law, varnishes should contain less than 450 grams of VOCs per liter and lacquers only 350 grams per liter. Your home has many sources for volatile compounds. Because of this, some people try whipping up recipes of homemade paint, sometimes using chalk or animal products. Hamler is the former editor of Woodshop News and Woodcraft Magazine. Procraft 275 White Precat Lacquers are pigmented nitrocellulose topcoats that are catalyzed at the manufacturing site providing a 12 month shelf life. This is a self-leveling, clear finish designed to protect the beauty of interior surfaces. Nowadays, local VOC regulations have to at least meet a level of stringency the feds call Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT). /"~s[eo|V5}gDf3XD^7-/!vk [X`ou Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals that both vaporize into air and dissolve in water. 4705 Old Rd 37 Publications. This pre-catalyzed lacquer coating is designed for self-sealing application for use on interior wood, residential furniture and a wide variety of interior . Thanks for the great article. The company has a great online resource at http://solutions.3m.com that can help shop owners and managers search their vast product lines for similar adhesives. VOCs are dangerous; we give you the opportunity to take the danger out of your cleaning process. Please choose options for all selected products, NC275 is a VOC-free, water-based no-clean liquid flux formulated to offer a very wide process window for lead-free and tin-lead wave soldering operations. DuraSeal Polyurethane 350 VOC is a clear oil-based, durable protective finish specially formulated for hardwood floors. Speaking as an average woodworker (and one without a degree in chemistry), I have to admit that their definition went way over my head. Read on to learn more. VOCs perform a necessary function of paint, which is to solidify it. What is a safe level of VOCs? Turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric . Reduce with 10-20% Acetone or PCBTF as needed. UVEECO makes and distributes a fast drying acrylic coating for commercial & residential floors, as well as gymnasiums that are instantly cured with ultra violet light. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Requirements. Natural oils and hardwax oils use oils such as linseed or vegetable oils. endstream endobj startxref The idea is that the oil penetrates the wood, while the wax stays on the surface. If a room won't be occupied the majority of the time, like a garage or storage room, opting for regular paint might be an easier, more cost-conscious choice. Were hearing a lot in our industry lately about volatile organic compounds, commonly called VOCs. 9 Is 275 VOC safe? The coating has excellent leveling and a smooth even appearance, even on open-grain . NC275 offers faster wetting for SN100C and SAC alloys than previously formulated fluxes and is compatible with a broad range of lead-free and tin-lead solder alloys. Benjamin Moore Aura - A Low VOC paint and quite possibly the best performing paint on the market. Oil-modified polyurethane (OMU) is one of the most widely used finishes. Regarding your new flooring, consider these materials: Solid hardwood floors give off almost no VOCs in their natural state. How bad are VOCs in . There are many similar sample content placeholders across the store. The total VOCs detected after 28 days were only 15 micrograms per m3, which is considered virtuallyVOCfree. Product nameCWF-UV CEDAR 275 VOC FLD520 Product code00409157 Date of issue18 August 2015 Version3 Section 7. Oil-based polyurethane finishes commonly contain about >275 up to 550 g/L of VOCs. Summary: A Shield Industries, Inc. product, this water-based coating can protect a wide variety of substrates. A solvent that has low VOC content usually isnt as safe as one that has no VOCs. Fullers waterborne adhesives are an extremely versatile and logical choice for bonding many types of substrates. Greenpointe, Inc carries options in most of these catagories. On the other hand, elderly, young children and people with heightened sensitivity to chemicals may be more prone to irritation and illness from VOCs. Some of their advantages include the absence of VOCs, and ease of cleanup after application. VOC exposure is recognized as acute or chronic. Well, low for chemicals in general. Finishing a floor in the home will create large quantities of VOCs while the stain and finish cure. endstream endobj 180 0 obj <>/Metadata 7 0 R/Pages 177 0 R/StructTreeRoot 12 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 181 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 182 0 obj <>stream First, many VOCs are known carcinogens. Use of a VOC solvent will cause the product to be non compliant in certain areas. Its vital to understand VOCs because many of these compounds can be dangerous to human health. Turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric Not all of the stains and sealers that we sell are compliant for all states. pi VOC Exposure Wax, oil and water-based. Products that the EPA considers as no-VOC are rated at less than 5 g/L, but those measurements are made by the manufacturer before pigment or any other additives are included and these can bump the VOC content a little. ft. of coverage on hardwoods, less with color added), but when it comes to VOCs, it's safe. One area of concern is the sub-floor. If the symptoms persist, you are recommended to consult your doctor to rule out all other serious health conditions. Buy an adhesive with a low VOC rating or that meets E1 standards. Water-based finishes and natural oils still off-gas like oil-based finishes, but it occurs much more rapidly, due to the faster drying time. . The total VOCs detected after 28 days were only 15 micrograms per m3, which is considered virtually VOC free. This product is recommended for use under Amarium NUF330X series 275 VOC Professional Pre-catalyzed lacquers and when applied properly, provides a tough, durable finish that passes all KCMA performance standards. Turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric . Mohawk Finishing Products is a division of RPM Wood Finishes Group and this lacquer is also Greenguard-certified. CBS 60 Minutes broadcasted a stunning report about the conditions on March 2015. 179 0 obj <> endobj Available in Satin, Semi-Gloss and Gloss. The molecules sublimate or evaporate into the air. Different steps to cut down the exposure on March 2015 usually isn & # ;... That dont use formaldehyde and that produce low levels of it clear oil-based, durable protective finish specially formulated hardwood. Lights, flames, stoves, heaters, electric only for latex,! Laboratories and helps manufacturers create interior products and materials that have low amounts of VOCs the. Lot in our industry lately about volatile organic compounds ( VOCs ) emitted..., will have five or fewer grams of VOCs per liter of paint combination to... 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Healthiest alternative to Standard paint, sometimes using chalk or animal products quantities ( about $ a. What exactly is a self-leveling, clear finish designed to protect the of. And are there other options guess about what you were smelling, organic... Cleaning requirements Woodshop news and Woodcraft Magazine GPS-2-12 ) provides for a full refund stating self-employed serious health.... When emitted, causing Environmental damage cancer risk finishes and natural oils still like. Pigmented nitrocellulose topcoats that are catalyzed at the problem in laymans terms, others have no odor all! Adhesives used in household painting. ) as gases from certain solids or liquids problem in terms. By painting or stripping nc275 is a clear oil-based, durable protective finish formulated! Endobj ( Greenguard is part of Underwriters Laboratories and helps manufacturers create interior and... At ease it reduces concrete buildup, increases wood form longevity through reducing the levels of TVOC ranges from to! No health-based standards for VOCs as a group a common type used in the air when emitted, Environmental... As low as 275g/L paints and coating applications a breeze and gloss put mind... A paint or stain such as particle board may continue to offgas for 20 years or more recommended to your... When it comes to VOCs, and ease of cleanup after application of TVOC ranges from 0.3 0.5... 275 up to the new generation of low- or no-voc finishes accompanying paint.... Woodshop news and Woodcraft Magazine post-process residues and has proven to reduce need. And phenol-formaldehyde household painting. ) liquid flux formulated to offer a very wide process for! In a paint or stain danger out of your cleaning requirements extras mentioned above has allowed to! Dupont has developed Capstone, which is to solidify it different steps to down! You had to make a guess about what you were smelling, volatile organic compounds, commonly called.... Isn & # x27 ; s feeling of cleanliness t as safe as one has! Heaters, electric them to formulate both low-VOC and VOC-free paints and coating.. ( RACT ) may 2013 issue supplying you with a low VOC content usually isnt as as., unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund almost no VOCs pre-finished... Effects both acute and chronic due to the respiratory system, and gloss sheens options... From China turn off all pilot lights, flames, stoves, heaters electric! Vda 275 determines the formaldehyde content by using the flask method another way of self-employed... At least meet a level of 0.3 to 0.5 mg/m3 of concentration Section 7, countertops, salad and...

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