Late in the afternoon, reinforcements from Longstreet began to arrive. Instantly Giles stentorian voice rang out, 88th. By David A. Welker John Continue reading Cowards in the Cornfield? When Frenchs troops arrived, fighting ensued at close range. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.The Battle of Antietam. The dejected Lee ordered Jackson to march to Shepherdstown to cover the withdrawal of Longstreets force. Antietam on the Web. Fearful that the brigade was about to be flanked, he raised the alarm prematurely. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Nineteenth-Century Geolocation: The Elliott Map of Antietam, Antietam: Federal Flank Attack at Dunker Church, Lessons From the Fallen: Depictions of the Dead of Antietam, Antietam | Burnside's Bridge | Sep 17, 1862. Mansfield and II Corps under Maj. Gen. Edwin Sumner extended the Federal right opposite Hoods positions along the Smoketown Road to high ground near McClellans headquarters at a brick farmhouse. Central Intelligence Agency.The Battle of Antietam: A Turning Point in the Civil War. Lost Order, Lost Cause. Forward, guide centre, halt. One soldier of the 6th Wisconsin captured the essence of that horrific morning. 191, dated September 9. When another officer asked the whereabouts of his division, he replied sorrowfully, Dead on the field.. Wildly exaggerated estimates of Lees numbers, ranging upwards of 200,000 men, filtered into McClellans command from unreliable civilian sources and from agents employed by private detective Allan Pinkerton, whom McClellan knew from their days together on the Illinois Central Railroad before the war. Hills rear guard remained at Boonsboro with 5,000 troops. Our first stop is D. R. Miller's farm, around which swirled fighting in the bloody Cornfield By David A. Welker One of the most enjoyable moments when researching history comes in finding something new, even when that thing is quite old. With Federal forces closing in from the east, Lee selects strategic ground near Antietam Creek and orders his army to converge there. Hoods lightning counterattack prevented the collapse of the Confederate left and forced Hookers corps back essentially to its early morning starting point with more than 2,500 casualties. Hoods Confederates had been marching and fighting continually for several days, and Jackson gave permission for Hood to withdraw his division to the vicinity of the Dunker Church to cook rations. Military historians consider the Battle of Antietam a stalemate. Among the wounded during two hours of savage fighting was Lt. Col. Rutherford B. Hayes, commander of the 23rd Ohio Regiment and a future president of the United States. The terrain is gently rolling, but the surface can be slightly uneven, so good walking shoes are recommended. 126, May 18,2020, The Cornfield Inside the Action at Antietams Bloody TurningPoint, Abner Doubleday in Antietams Cornfield: No Day in the (Baseball)Park, Garlands Brigade at the Cornfield: The Death of a Reputationand MuchMore, The 88th Pennsylvania at Antietam: A Cornfield Invalid SavesWashington, Farming the Cornfield: D. R. Millers 1862 Harvest ofDeath, Buffalo in the Cornfield: The 21st New York atAntietam, Claimed by the Cornfield: Georgias Colonel MarcellusDouglass, Cowards in the Cornfield? Gen. George A. Hartsuff, moved forward. Reinforcements from Longstreet tried to stem the tide but were driven back. On September 15, Lee positions his men behind the creek and waits for McClellan to arrive. Amidst a firestorm of Confederate shells, just as his brigade was heading into the hell of Antietam's Cornfield, Colonel William Christian suddenly muttered "I've always had a great fear of shelling." And with that, he simply vanished By David A. Welker William Henry Christian was born on April 9th 1825 in Utica, New York. Lee knew that the capacity of the Union to wage war was virtually limitless. Because Federal and Confederate forces repeatedly . Nearing the end of 2018, well be bombarded by the annual parade of top ten lists counting down everything from the years news events to songs and online fads. Troops from both sides faced-off across a 30-acre cornfield owned by David Miller. The battles outcome would be vital to shaping Americas future, and it remains the deadliest one-day battle in all of American military history. The siege of Harpers Ferry was to be successfully concluded as soon as possible. Starke, shot three times, died on the field. It is a document of interest and is also thought genuine., When McClellan received the communication from Williams, he abruptly ended a conference with a delegation of citizens from Frederick. In a superb organizational effort lasting just four days, he completed the assimilation of units from the former Army of Virginia into the Army of the Potomac. Three hours later, Union troops had pushed the Confederates back and over 5,000 men were either dead or injured. Simultaneously, the hostile battle lines opened a tremendous fire upon each other. This further isolated the Confederacy and made it harder for them to re-supply their troops and citizens. It is remembered as the site of some of the most savage fighting of the Battle of Antietam, which itself was the bloodiest single-day action of the Civil War. Gen. Alpheus Williams and Colonel Samuel Pittman read the document with great interest. (Part Two): The Complicated Story of Virginias General John R.Jones, Amidst a firestorm of Confederate shells, just as his brigade was heading into the hell of Antietams Cornfield, Colonel William Christian suddenly muttered Ive always had a great fear of shelling. And with that, he simply vanished By David A. Welker William Henry Christian was born on April 9th 1825 in Utica, New York. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. All of Lees troops were worn-out and hungry, and many were sick. And keeping Confederates in their southern box enabled President Lincoln to finally release his Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. At the end of August, Lees Army of Northern Virginia routed another Union army, under Maj. Gen. John Pope, at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Stuarts cavalry screened the Confederate left while D.H. Hills five brigades were funneled into the center of the Confederate line and filed into the sunken road. Many regiments on both sides were cut to pieces. (Today its called Burnside Bridge.) He could not understand why his general was not on the tail of the Confederates, and he went to McClellans headquarters at Antietam to light a fire under him. All Rights Reserved. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point tells for the first time the full story of the exciting struggle to control "the Cornfield," the action on which the costly battle of Antietam turned, in a thorough yet readable narrative. On the political front, Lincoln felt that the war-weary North needed to be energized. As the sun rose on September 17, 1862, Major General Joseph Hooker and his I Corps launched a vicious assault on the Army of Northern Virginia's left flank at the West Woods at around 6:00am. The Battle of Antietam in September 1862 turned back the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Civil War. It was an act that earned John Cookwho had turned fifteen years old barely a month beforethe Medal of Honor. The trail turns east and through the middle of the Miller Meadow, Continue east along the line toward the Smoketown Road, Walk north on the trail through the East Woods, Continue across Cornfield Avenue and through the East Woods, Explore the Confederate defense and counterattack in the Corn, Walk south through the historic Cornfield. It is remembered as the site of some of the most savage fighting of the Battle of Antietam, which itself was the bloodiest single-day action of the Civil War. McClellan charged Hooker and Mansfield, supported by Sumner, with the main effort against the Confederate left, while Burnside crossed the lower bridge and fords at Antietam Creek to attack the ridgeline on the Confederate right. He thought McClellan missed a great opportunity to kick the Army of Northern Virginia while they were down and potentially end the war. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Cornfield: Antietams Bloody Tur., Welker, David A New Book at the best online prices at eBay! Lee detailed his complex plan in Special Orders No. Instead, Lee ordered his army to regroup at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. (2) At 7:00 a.m., Gen. John Bell Hoods Confederate Division of approximately 2,000 men was waiting behind the Dunker Church. The division commander, John R. Jones, had been wounded by shrapnel earlier, and Brig. After more than an hour of fighting around the East Woods and the eastern half of the cornfield, the Federals had failed to press their slight advantage, feeding troops into the battle piecemeal as the Confederates had rushed reinforcements from the center to stem the Union tide. Mumma Farm and Cemetery 7. The Union formation that panicked the Confederates in the East Woods was Mansfields 2nd Division under 61-year-old Brig. Nine Union batteries on the ridge behind the Poffenberger farm replied. It was obvious to the Union veterans that the area had recently served as a Rebel bivouac. The proclamation, Lincoln hoped, would add a moral dimension to the war besides the preservation of the Union. 2. Union gunfire wounded Private William Calton Odum of the 6th Georgia Infantry in the right arm during the morning fight in the Cornfield. Jefferson County, WV|Sep 12-15, 1862, Frederick County and Washington County, MD|Sep 14, 1862, Washington County, MD|Sep 16-18, 1862, Town of Shepherdstown, WV|Sep 19-20, 1862, Washington County, MD | September 17, 1862. Why did Lincoln lose faith in George McClellans command after Antietam? Lee was left with few cards to play. [1]. Badly needed supplies are brought in by nurse Clara Barton, known as the Angel of the Battlefield. During the night, both armies tend their wounded and consolidate their lines. It was never my fortune to witness a more bloody, dismal battlefield.. Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862 with a full agenda. An original regiment in the storied "Iron Brigade," the 19th Indiana is perhaps best known for its role during the opening hours of the Battle of Gettysburg, which has for too long overshadowed its actions in Antietam's deadly Cornfield Featured The Cornfield Casualty Top Ten Featured / 5 Comments Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The Battle of Antietam began at dawn on September 17 as the fog lifted. Just eight hours in, there were over 15,000 casualties. Because Federal and Confederate forces repeatedly traded control of the spot, the fight for the Cornfield is a story of human struggle against fearful . Union Gen. Joseph Hooker remembered that "every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife, and the slain lay in rows precisely as they stood in their ranks a few moments before. The number increased, and larger and larger grew the field of the blue until it seemed to stretch as far as the eye could see, and from the tops of the mountains down to the edges of the stream gathered the great army of . You are firing at our own men! he shouted. Hooker, conspicuously mounted on a white charger, rode to the southern edge of the cornfield and saw an opportunity to rally the remains of his corps, bring artillery forward, and join with XII Corps to strike the decisive blow. Nine regimental color bearers were killed, and in less than half an hour the 1st Texas lost 186 dead and wounded, more than 82 percent of its strength, the highest casualty rate of any regiment on either side during the entire war. Unable to remain in command, he left the scene convinced that Union forces were poised to drive the Confederates into the Potomac. Facing threats in front and right, as the enemy advanced the Georgians suddenly realized they were in a tremendous Union vise that was about to literally squeeze the regiment to death. Occasionally, a nervous picket fired into the darkness. A major victory on Northern soil would allow Lee to menace Philadelphia, Baltimore, and even Washington. This is that story By David A. Welker Born on 26 June 1819 in Ballston Spa, New York to Ulysses F. and Hester (Donnelly) Doubleday, Abner joined a respected family with deep ties to Continue reading Abner Doubleday in Antietams Cornfield: No Day in the (Baseball)Park, The 1st Georgia Regulars Sergeant William Andrews and the 1st Minnesotas Sergeant Sam Bloomer traveled from very different worlds, and over many miles, to share a moment of grace and humanity amidst the terror of Antietams bloody Cornfield. The injured limb had to be amputated, but he lived until 1898. Still, it endorsed the idea that the war wasnt just about states rights but also stopping slavery. The Battle of Antietam begins at dawn when Hookers Union corps mounts a powerful assault on Lees left flank. Many regiments on both sides were cut to pieces. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point Kindle Edition by David A. Welker (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 139 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $2.99 Read with Our Free App Audiobook $0.00 Free with your Audible trial The Civil War battle in western Maryland that killed 22,000 menand served no military purpose. Colonel Robert H. Chilton, his adjutant, copied the orders for subordinate generals. The two brigades emerged from the North Woods simultaneously and crossed a field of clover. It was obvious that Turners Gap could not be held, and he ordered Longstreet and Hill to withdraw to the west. The president relieved McClellan of his duties on November 7 and appointed Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside to be his replacement. Hooker sees thousands of his Federals felled in the corn rows, where, every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife, and the slain lay in rows precisely as they had stood in their ranks a few moments before. Despite the great Union numerical advantage, Lt. Gen. Stonewall Jacksons Confederate forces hold their ground near the Dunker Church. Adding insult to injury, Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Join us online July 24-26! The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. West Woods 6. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. Hays' Louisiana Brigade suffered over 60-percent casualties in 30 minutes. Dr. James Dunn, a surgeon at the Battle of Antietam lauded her efforts: The rattle of 150,000 muskets, and the fearful thunder of over 200 cannon, told us that the great battle of Antietam had commenced. It was never my fortune to witness a more bloody, dismal battlefield. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Libby remembered a loud response from the Maine men to the contrary. The Unions claim of victory at Antietam and Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation are thought to be why Republicans held the House in the 1862 mid-term elections. Confederate troops ferociously fought off offensive after offensive to prevent being overrun, turning the cornfield into a massive killing field. The 5th Virginia's Ezra Stickley awakened and realized the firing had picked up considerably. Lees back was to the Potomac, and only Botelers Ford at Shepherdstown offered a clear avenue of escape across the river if the Confederates were driven from the field. He contemplated issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, a document that freed all slaves in the rebellious states. The cannon fire literally blew men apart. Hesitant to support a pro-slavery regime, England and France decline to form an alliance with the Confederate States of America. List Price: $51.99. But even this firestorm of controversy couldnt prepare Jones for what awaited him when his postwar indiscretions became known. I supposed that we had everything in our own hands, he thought. : The Sorry Story of Colonel WilliamChristian, As the 21st Georgias battle-tested fighters settled into positions behind the rocks and trees in the southern end of the East Woods, they knew that another Yankee advance would soon enough seek to drive them from their new position. A mile east of the town of Sharpsburg, the creek meanders through the hilly but open countryside, good for long-range artillery and moving infantry. September 17. Meades 3rd Division followed in support. Maryland was a border state and remained in the Union, but Lee believed that large numbers of Southern sympathizers would rally to his ranks once the Army of Northern Virginia entered the state. The Cornfield Trail at Antietam National Battlefield. Locally, the members of the congregation were known as Dunkers. At the sound of guns to their right, Mansfields 7,200-strong XII Corps, half of whom had never fired a shot in anger, set out at a leisurely pace, often allowed to break ranks and boil coffee. Lincoln and McClellan had a tortured relationship. (3) Gen. Lee ordered troops from Gen. D. H. Hills command at the Sunken Road to move north into the Cornfield. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. Two divisions under Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws were to approach the arsenal from the north and seize the commanding position of Maryland Heights. Meanwhile, Lee counted on McClellans lack of aggressiveness. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Eventually he decided against another general assault. His opponent, Abraham Lincoln, was reelected for another term. After the battle, photographer Alexander Gardner photographed their corpses, twisted and contorted into grotesque positions, lying unburied in the summer sun. Gen. Wade Hamptons South Carolina Legion under the command of Colonel William T. Wofford, and a second brigade under Colonel Evander M. Law that consisted of the 4th Alabama, 2nd and 11th Mississippi, and the 6th North Carolina regiments. Following the surrender of Harpers Ferry, the scattered Confederate forces would converge. Duryeas brigade followed Seymour out of the East Woods and into the cornfield, stepping over mangled Confederate corpses that canister shots had killed moments earlier. Abner Doubleday may not have invented baseball, but his actions amidst Antietams deadly Cornfield rightly cement his place in American history. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. Greene rode forward and warned the New Yorkers to slow down before they outran covering artillery. He tended to details while three of Jacksons footsore divisions began trickling into the vicinity. For nearly three hours, Hooker and Mansfield's Union forces battled Jackson's Confederates. Lee prodded Jackson and McLaws to wrap up their work at Harpers Ferry. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point tells for the first time the full story of the exciting struggle to control "the Cornfield," the action on which the costly battle of Antietam turned, in a thorough yet readable narrative. The Confederates were hit from three sides and melted away while the Wisconsin soldiers, accompanied by the 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters and the 14th Brooklyn, moved toward the high ground around the Dunker Church, still several hundred yards away. East of the turnpike lay the prosperous farm of David R. Miller, including the house, outbuildings, orchard, and a 24-acre field of ripening corn, grown taller than a mans head and nearly ready for harvest. Kop sent the order farther up the chain to Colonel Silas Colgrove, the commander of the 27th Indiana, who went directly to XII Corps headquarters, where Brig. Franklins VI Corps was held in reserve. The ordeal on the Confederate left was not yet over. THE BATTLE OF Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, remains America's bloodiest single day. The Battle of Antietam, America's bloodiest single day, immediately claimed 3,654 lives and generated an additional 8,772 wounded and missing casualties on both sides, many of whom should properly be moved to the "killed" category. He needed a legitimatizing Union victory in the field before he could issue the proclamation. As Brig. Take a virtual tour of Antietam Battlefield by clicking on the links for the battlefield tour stops below. Send forward officers to explore the way, ascertain the best crossing of the Potomac.. Within minutes, Doubledays hard-won progress was completely reversed. From his headquarters at Chantilly, Virginia, Lee wrote to Confederate President Jefferson Davis of his intent to carry the war to Northern soil. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Because Federal and Confederate forces . Duryeas battered brigade withdrew through the cornfield toward the East Woods, exposing the Iron Brigades left flank. Their company commander, Captain Kop, was killed. Frustrated with Lincolns policies and the course of the war, Democrats launched an anti-war campaign, hoping to take over the U.S. House of Representatives. The next day, as Lee began the painstaking job of moving his ravaged troops back to Virginia, McClellan, surprisingly, did nothing. By David A. 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