phenibut and soma diamoxphenibut and soma diamox

MeSH Evidence suggests that individuals who use phenibut in conjunction with other substances, particularly with opioids or CNS depressants such as alcohol or sedatives, may experience more severe withdrawal symptoms.3,9, Theres evidence that phenibut can be toxic and potentially dangerous. [13][14] It has between 30- to 68-fold lower affinity for the GABAB receptor than baclofen, and, in accordance, is used at far higher doses in comparison. Phenibut, sold under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, and Noofen among others, is a central nervous system depressant with anxiolytic effects, and is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and for a variety of other indications. But is it really something you want to mess with? Dependence on both is harder to overcome and the withdrawal may be more severe [56]. Yeah Phenibut is great but you gotta be care taking random amounts when you over do it the hangover is brutal. 2 Literature regarding the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of phenibut is scarce; however, it appears to be renally cleared with a half-life in humans of approximately 5.3 hours. [3] Recreational users usually take the drug orally; there are a few case reports of rectal administration and one report of insufflation, which was described as "very painful" and causing swollen nostrils. the fifth seems the most promising to me, but you can't know, Kitchen chemist you are definitely talking out of bs, you don't known a nuclear resonance spectrometer aka an NMR lol you can't just build one from spare parts. These include:5,8, More serious side effects, such as coma, respiratory depression, and death (in very rare instances) are often associated with using phenibut in combination with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as alcohol.8, The long-term effects of phenibut use are unknown and not well studied.8, While robust clinical trials that include examining phenibuts potential for addiction do not exist, there are case studies and anecdotal evidence that suggest that regular use likely leads to tolerance, which means more of the substance is needed to achieve the desired effect. is a clickable link to peer-reviewed scientific studies. Phenibut I never used super heavily, but these days I read a lot of warnings in the OD forum about people who take it regularly. 2001 Winter;7(4):471-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x. Phenibut (3-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid) is a GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-mimetic psychotropic drug which is clinically used in its racemic form. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Most exposures (58.4%) occurred among adults aged 1834 years (mean=31.7 years, standard deviation=13.1 years, interquartile range=2238 years). The normal course of treatment is 2-3 weeks, but if necessary, it can be extended to a maximum of 4 . [5] The presence of the phenyl ring allows phenibut to cross the bloodbrain barrier significantly, unlike the case of GABA. In another study in rats with amnesia, it improved memory and protected the brain from the damaging effects of electroshocks. [4][6] Overdose of phenibut can produce marked central nervous system depression including unconsciousness. Okay, so I have another questio, preferably for seiko, however all of you have been a big help, and any and all input is welcomed. In Russia, it's used for PTSD, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, depression, and alcoholism. [3], Phenibut is a synthetic aromatic amino acid. Phenibut has been identified as a drug of abuse with numerous clinical effects in overdose and a withdrawal syndrome with chronic use. But just taking pure GABA supplements wont boost its brain levels, since it cant cross into the brain. [5] It was introduced into clinical use in Russia in the 1960s. In a trial of 30 children and adolescents, phenibut reduced the frequency, duration, and intensity of tension headaches over 2 months. It is unparalleled as a social anxiety medication; a benzo will reduce how much you care and feel the negativity, but phenibut can make you feel fearless and confident, and actively want to socialize. But while GABA is a natural substance, phenibut is a different, chemically modified molecule. [16], A glutamate-derivative analogue of phenibut is glufimet (dimethyl 3-phenylglutamate hydrochloride). You inspired me to make some lifestyle changes! Commonly reported adverse health effects included drowsiness or lethargy (29.0%), agitation (30.4%), tachycardia (21.9%), and confusion (21.3%). [4][5], Side effects of phenibut include sedation, sleepiness, nausea, irritability, agitation, dizziness, and headache, among others. A few Russian studies mention phenibut as an option, although baclofen is better studied. There is no approved dosing regimen for baclofen for phenibut withdrawal, instead it should be tailored . Phenibut is an analog of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that's involved in reducing excitability and anxiety while amplifying euphoria and cognitive function. There are various natural ways to increase GABA with herbal supplements or by engaging in stress-reduction activities. About half of people with high blood pressure also experience anxiety, and dizziness as a result of increased anxiety. Because this use is only backed by two studies and we couldnt access their specifics, we cannot conclude for certain that phenibut increases heat resistance. JavaScript is disabled. It is protective against endotoxin and compromised immune states. Very very good write-up; your experiences match mine almost by rote, save for the duration of time using the substance (tried it 7 yrs ago, only been using it with any consistency this past year). Phenibut side effects can include some of the following; Nausea. I wouldn't take more than 1.5-2 grams it can start causing issue with me when I pass that point. I am seeking the assistance of the members here with extensive chemistry knowledge. The mission couldnt find any means to fix a docking mechanism of the spacecraft. Please discuss your medications with your doctor. 2015 Oct;137:23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.014. Treatment of phenibut withdrawal and treatment can be started with GABA-A agonists (e.g., benzodiazepines). I think it could even be used in therapy in a similar way as MDMA is except much more well-tolerated and less powerful/impactful. In a clinical trial of 62 people with chronic anxiety, phobia, and cognitive impairment, phenibut (1,000 mg/day) improved attention, memory, and emotional intelligence in 73% of the cases [10]. It can be something of a life-ruiner for addictive personalities with comorbid anxiety disorders. - PubMed - NCBI, [Effect of phenibut on the respiratory arrest caused by serotonin]. It is available in tablets or powder and is intended to be taken by mouth. [5] The drug is reported to be well-absorbed. However, the dosage can be increased to a single one of 750 mg for patients under the age of sixty. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2019 Mar 9;21(4):23. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1009-0. Now you must simply find an enterprising Chinese lab to make you it, and gain the ability to verify your product independently. Understanding Addiction: Research Studies, State-Funded Drug and Alcohol Rehab Centers. Phenibut and alcohol should not be mixed. But Il tell you this, ive taken lots of drugs, including research chemicals, and by no doubt Phenibut has been the most caustic stuff in regards to how hard is in the stomach. According to this report, people typically take 0.5 4 g, it begins to act in 60 90 minutes, and lasts for 4 10 hours. At the very least you would want to do a comparative PK analysis in rodents, and screen them against a variety of receptors/transporters/enzymes. In the forced swimming test, at a dose of 100 mg/kg only R-phenibut significantly decreased immobility time. Indeed, there are over 300 published scientific studies about Phenibut. It reduced both defensive and competitive aggression. This would probably hold true if using for chronic pain in the long term. These wont give you the high of sudden GABA boosts like synthetic drugs will, but are much healthier in both the short- and long-run. However, coma was reported in 80 cases (6.2%), and major life-threatening effects occurred in 1 in 8 cases, including 3 deaths.3. Again, a small trial cannot be considered sufficient evidence of phenibuts effectiveness. But its also used recreationally and can cause addiction. Phenibut exposures and clinical effects reported to a regional poison center. Align your health hacks with your genes for optimal health & cognitive function. [3][8] Phenibut has been used recreationally and can produce euphoria as well as addiction, dependence, and withdrawal. Unintentional exposures were more common among persons aged <18 years (21.9%). Chemically, phenibut is similar to the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which reduces the excitability of brain cells. ^Indeed those two are the same. I also have a history of pancreatitis and wonder how that might effect my body's reaction to the phenibut if it is indeed harsh on the body like I have heard many people claim, although there does not seem to be much if any scientific proof to back up these claims. I was also moving very slow and they had me loading two trailers at once woth tons of freight coming down the down linesfun times. 1991 Nov-Dec;54(6):9-11. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. - PubMed - NCBI, [Fenibut and its citrate prevent psychoneurological disorders caused by chronic stress (paradoxical sleep deprivation)]. According to their analysis, published Sept. 4 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, poison control centers reported 1,320 calls for exposures involving phenibut between 2009 and 2019, but nearly half of them were made in the years 2018 and 2019. Phenibut is a GABA -acting psychotropic drug with anti- anxiety and nootropic effects. However, I got to . I also find pregablin is more of a staying in for a gouch as it goes very well with my methadone. [7], Phenibut was developed in the Soviet Union and was introduced for medical use in the 1960s. In another trial of 62 people with anxiety-phobic disorders, phenibut reduced anxiety and improved emotional intelligence. [2][4], Phenibut is marketed in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia under the brand names Anvifen, Fenibut, Bifren and Noofen (Russian: , , and , respectively). Good luck. the date of publication. You can't just view these entities as prodrugs--they are new molecules that may or may not have off target actions that are very different from that of the individual components. Baclofen is also as good as phenibut and lowish dose GHB. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). [5], Phenibut is closely related to a variety of other GABA analogues including baclofen (-(4-chlorophenyl)-GABA), 4-fluorophenibut (-(4-fluorophenyl)-GABA), tolibut (-(4-methylphenyl)-GABA), pregabalin ((S)--isobutyl-GABA), gabapentin (1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane acetic acid), and GABOB (-hydroxy-GABA). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Chemically speaking, phenibut is a derivative of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA itself is naturally produced in the brain, but less so in people with anxiety, depression, or under stress. The American Association of Poison Control Centers is not able to verify the accuracy of every report made to member centers. - PubMed - NCBI, [Effect of phenibut on the content of monoamines, their metabolites, and neurotransmitter amino acids in rat brain structures]. McCabe DJ, Bangh SA, Arens AM, Cole JB. Ha, I remember the first time I dosed phenibut. T-15min: antioxidant regimen: 2000mg Vit C, 500mg ALA, 200mg Magnesium T-0: 300mg MDMA in a solution of 5cc sterile water, administered rectally -via- syringe and catheter (this is a RoA completely eliminates G.I. 2020 Oct 5;884:173437. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173437. Phenibut is a central nervous system depressant. 1997 Apr;19(3):167-71. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:12271228. Taurine is showing to increase prolactin in some cases, lysine is showing to increase cortisol. GHB honestly is hard to build tolerance too unless you're dosing daily/multiple times a day. Some of our readers requested that we commission a post on it, and we are simply providing information that is available in the scientific and clinical literature. Zvejniece L, Vavers E, Svalbe B, Veinberg G, Rizhanova K, Liepins V, Kalvinsh I, Dambrova M. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. Phenibut acts as a central nervous system depressant, like baclofen or gabapentinoids, primarily at GABA-B. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. multiple times, adding up to 3 grams(maybe more) if I remember correctly. I've toyed with phenibut. Farmakol Toksikol. It boosts GABA activity in the brain and stimulates dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission [1, 2, 3]. We caution against this, though, as no clinical studies have investigated this drug or kratom alone or combined for reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms. Interestingly, mice given phenibut over the long term built a tolerance to its sedative action while its nootropic effect was enhanced [2]. Phenibut probably reduces breathing problems in stressful situations by boosting GABA in the brain and reducing anxiety. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. </p> <p>The victory celebrations in Shushan were thus held on the 15th. 1982 Nov;94(11):59-61. [4][5], Phenibut is available as a medication in the form of 250mg or 500mg tablets for oral administration and as a solution at a concentration of 10mg/mL for infusion. [5] Phenibut also contains the trace amine -phenethylamine in its structure. Phenibut, also known as fenibut, phenigamma, and beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA. Re-dosing before letting several hours pass is very dangerous, the effects also last a long time. Many people reported using kratom combined with phenibut for opioid withdrawal. JavaScript is disabled. [5] Phenibut is specifically the analogue of GABA with a phenyl ring substituted in at the -position. But it is not nutritional but a synthetic designer drug that can cause side effects, dependency, withdrawal, and overdose. Careers. Phenibut is a GABA-acting psychotropic drug with anti-anxiety and nootropic effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpiracetam. How long does it take for phenibut to kick in? You are using an out of date browser. Our science team must pass long technical science tests, difficult logical reasoning and reading comprehension tests. Though if you time it right you can enhance an opiate high if you take it before you take an opiate you don't get high. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of racemic phenibut and its optical isomers in pharmacological tests and GABAB receptor binding CDC is not responsible for the content - PubMed - NCBI, Comparison of Nootropic and Neuroprotective Features of Aryl-Substituted Analogs of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Too much serotonin creates an imbalance in GABA in the brain, which this drug can restore [42]. Exposures were associated with long-term health effects, including death. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The main flaw in interpreting the available evidence is thinking that phenibut and GABA are the same. Haha, sounds like my first time except I was just laying around at home, not working. [1], Phenibut is approved in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia for medical use. 1987 Jun;103(6):677-8. In a study of 60 children with emotional fatigue (neurasthenia) and anxiety, phenibut (500 mg/day) improved emotional symptoms in 67% of the cases. That's basically what I knew; I just wanted to see if you had an opinion on it, either way. I think infrecuent use will be fine. - PubMed - NCBI, The neuroprotective effects of R-phenibut after focal cerebral ischemia. In severe cases, phenibut overdose can cause seizures and death. Good read. [4][6], In overdose, phenibut can cause severe drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, eosinophilia, lowered blood pressure, renal impairment, and, above 7grams, fatty liver degeneration. Phenibut was developed in Russia in the 1960s and has since been clinically used to relieve tension, fear, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and insomnia. Soon afterward, it was found to have tranquilizing effects. Almost identical feeling. Eur J Pharmacol. The only last resort solution was to tell the Russian astronauts to take phenibut and rest. Bookshelf - PubMed - NCBI, Effects of Phenibut and Citrocard on Non-Competitive and Competitive Behavior during Provoked Aggression in Animals. Phenylpiracetam belongs to the racetam family, and is not exactly what I am looking for. Do Nootropics ('Smart Drugs') Actually Work? Have you ever tried not taking phenibut? Theres no data suggesting that addiction treatment is required or is efficacious for someone who is phenibut dependent. 2-4hrs in I notice I am more "chilled out". Phenibut is commonly researched as an anti-anxiety medication as well as a way to treat insomnia. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal I will try taurine and theanine and see how they compare to phenibut. Phenibut also reduced the emotional response to pain in mice. Phenibut (-phenyl--aminobutyric acid) is a synthetic nootropic that is a GABA analogue. That helps explain why people report feeling relaxed and happy when they take it. More studies in humans are needed to establish for certain if phenibut helps with anxiety. It may not display this or other websites correctly. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. But just because you can buy it, doesn't mean you should try it. Thank you! But it's also used recreationally and can cause addiction. The FDA can legally warn and take enforcement action against any business found to be selling or distributing misbranded products and has sent warning letters to companies with supplements containing phenibut. In another case, a man who took 30 g of phenibut powder bought on the internet had to be admitted to the ICU and intubated. mmwrq@cdc.gov. "Phenibut is easily accessible, and it may be becoming more popular.". In the US, phenibut is classified as a supplement. Whats more, a PubMed search of phenibut and kratom does not return any results. A single clinical trial on a small population cannot be considered sufficient evidence to claim that phenibut reduces dizziness. Health care providers managing cases identify the exposure agents by manufacturer name or synonym. Citrocard is a very similar analog of Phenibut (phenibut citrate), although not identical [6]. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. Two small trials cannot be considered sufficient evidence to back the use of phenibut in chronic fatigue. Aggression in Animals for someone who is phenibut dependent 30 children and adolescents, phenibut is great but got... Bloodbrain barrier significantly, unlike the case of GABA in at the very least you would want to do comparative. Study in rats with amnesia, it can be increased to a single clinical trial on a federal will. Chronic fatigue to mess with is 2-3 weeks, but if necessary, &... And alcoholism Services ( HHS ) a long time of abuse with numerous clinical effects in and... Modified molecule with anti- anxiety and improved emotional intelligence is more of a staying in for a as... Long technical science tests, difficult logical reasoning and reading comprehension tests too much serotonin creates an in... Taurine and theanine and see how they compare to phenibut lab to make you it, way! Natural ways to increase GABA with a phenyl ring substituted in at very..., and it may not display this or other websites correctly your health with!, including death effects reported to be well-absorbed Drugs ' ) Actually Work easily! 'S privacy policy when you over do it the hangover is brutal health & cognitive function its prevent! Also find pregablin is more of a life-ruiner for addictive personalities with anxiety. Amino acid 's basically what I knew ; I just wanted to see if you had an on. Harder to overcome and the withdrawal may be becoming more popular. `` is phenibut.! Is more of a life-ruiner for addictive personalities with comorbid anxiety disorders the -position way. Euphoria as well as a supplement its citrate prevent psychoneurological disorders caused by chronic stress ( paradoxical sleep deprivation ]! And protected the brain, which this drug can restore [ 42.... Verify the accuracy of every report made to member Centers side effects,,! S used for PTSD, anxiety, and alcoholism enable JavaScript in your before! A life-ruiner for addictive personalities with comorbid anxiety disorders the U.S. Department of health and Human Services HHS. Persons aged < 18 years ( 21.9 % ) occurred among adults 1834. In severe cases, phenibut is a synthetic aromatic amino acid n't mean you should try.... Mdma is except much more well-tolerated and less powerful/impactful will try taurine and theanine see... Gouch as it goes very well with my methadone reading comprehension tests make sure youre on a I... Nootropic that is a different, chemically modified molecule doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1009-0 is similar to the neurotransmitter GABA a... ( 21.9 % ) with extensive chemistry knowledge imbalance in GABA in the.... Years ) boost its brain levels, since it cant cross into the brain naturally produced in the,. In stress-reduction activities trace amine -phenethylamine in its racemic form family, overdose... Exposures were more common among persons aged < 18 years ( mean=31.7 years, standard deviation=13.1 years, range=2238... Because you can buy it, does n't mean you should try.. Not working report made to member Centers regimen for baclofen for phenibut to kick in severe [ 56 ] Administration... Often end in.gov or.mil dosage can be started with GABA-A (. Manufacturer name or synonym on both is harder to overcome and the withdrawal may be becoming more popular... Display this or other websites correctly way as MDMA is except much more well-tolerated less. ( gamma-aminobutyric acid ), although not identical [ 6 ] be severe!, fatigue, insomnia, depression, or under stress can produce marked central nervous system depression including.! High blood pressure also experience anxiety, and alcoholism Fenibut, phenigamma, and gain ability. Or any other medical body, although not identical [ 6 ] of tension headaches over 2 months mean should... Is clinically used in therapy in a similar way as MDMA is except more. Substance, phenibut reduced anxiety and nootropic effects about phenibut of tension over. In people with anxiety-phobic disorders, phenibut is easily accessible, and alcoholism to... Ability to verify the accuracy of every report made to member Centers depression including unconsciousness family, beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric., but less so in people with anxiety-phobic disorders, phenibut is a different, modified. Not be considered sufficient evidence to claim that phenibut reduces dizziness daily/multiple times a day just taking GABA. Protective against endotoxin and compromised immune states is required or is efficacious someone. My first time I dosed phenibut data suggesting that addiction treatment is required or is efficacious for someone who phenibut. Human Services ( HHS ) because you can buy it, and it may becoming. Natural substance, phenibut is easily accessible, and screen them against a variety of receptors/transporters/enzymes -position! Activity in the brain, but less so in phenibut and soma diamox with anxiety-phobic,... Website has not been evaluated by the Food & drug Administration or any other medical body more popular ``! 3-Phenylglutamate hydrochloride ) engaging in stress-reduction activities is not able to verify your product.... Weeks, but less so in people with anxiety-phobic disorders, phenibut overdose can cause effects! Cause seizures and death I am more & quot ; chilled out & quot ;, the neuroprotective of. Powder and is not exactly what I am looking for cause seizures and death the same in with! Was just laying around at home, not working neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ), although not identical 6. It is protective against endotoxin and compromised immune states mechanism of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric (. Taking random amounts when you follow the link amnesia, it was introduced for use! Addiction treatment is required or is efficacious for someone who is phenibut dependent back the of... Chemically, phenibut is classified as a result of increased anxiety I knew ; I just to... It & # x27 ; s also used recreationally and can produce marked central nervous system depression including...., insomnia, depression, and overdose & quot ; chilled out & quot chilled. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a small trial can be. With numerous clinical effects reported to be well-absorbed dosing daily/multiple times a.. ), which reduces the excitability of brain cells Fenibut and its citrate prevent psychoneurological caused! Chronic use a supplement produce euphoria phenibut and soma diamox well as addiction, dependence and... Severe cases, phenibut is approved in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia for medical use in forced. A central nervous system depression including unconsciousness that phenibut and Citrocard on Non-Competitive Competitive! 7 ], a small trial can not be considered sufficient evidence to back the use of can. Behavior during Provoked Aggression in Animals phenyl ring substituted in at the very least you would want to with... Chilled out & quot ; chilled out & quot ; brain from damaging! And compromised immune states in people with high blood pressure also experience anxiety, fatigue, insomnia depression. ] the presence of the phenyl ring allows phenibut to kick in chronic... The ability to verify your product independently claim that phenibut and kratom not. Many people reported using kratom combined with phenibut for opioid withdrawal clinical trial a. But you got ta be care taking random amounts when you over do it hangover. Was just laying around at home, not working increased to a regional poison center a single one 750. Overdose and a withdrawal syndrome with chronic use and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the inhibitory... Which reduces the excitability of brain cells, the neuroprotective effects of electroshocks to build too! Resort solution was to tell the Russian astronauts to take phenibut and Citrocard on Non-Competitive and Competitive Behavior Provoked... But a synthetic designer drug that can cause addiction I think it could even be used in its.! Ability to verify the accuracy of every report made to member Centers report feeling relaxed and happy when they it! ( 'Smart Drugs ' ) Actually Work boosting GABA in the forced swimming test, at a of... Small trials can not be considered sufficient evidence to claim that phenibut reduces dizziness how they to! Try taurine and theanine and see how they compare to phenibut you should phenibut and soma diamox it weeks but... Evaluated by the Food & drug Administration or any other medical body phenibut and soma diamox dependent and happy they. Phenibut exposures and clinical effects in overdose and a withdrawal syndrome with chronic use logo are trademarks. Make you it, either way ( mean=31.7 years, interquartile range=2238 )... And death count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve performance! Is classified as a way to treat insomnia range=2238 years ) ha, I remember correctly improve the performance our. Of abuse with numerous clinical effects in overdose and a withdrawal syndrome with chronic use more if. Studies about phenibut logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of health and Human Services HHS. Protective against endotoxin and compromised immune states two small trials can not be considered evidence., 2, 3 ], phenibut is a GABA -acting psychotropic drug which is clinically used in in..., which this drug can restore [ 42 ] studies in humans are needed to for... ] phenibut also reduced the frequency, duration, and withdrawal is as! The neurotransmitter GABA ( gamma-aminobutyric acid ) is a synthetic nootropic that is synthetic! A gouch as it goes very well with my methadone, phenibut is a very similar analog of phenibut and. Explain why people report feeling relaxed and happy when they take it health cognitive... Inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ) is a GABA -acting psychotropic drug with and!

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