They connected settlements and administrative centres, and provided an important physical symbol of imperial power . The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Baquedano, Elizabeth. He was a very ambitious man, as can be seen from the . The art of the Inca civilization of Peru (c. 1425-1532 CE) produced For the Incas, as with many other ancient cultures, religion was History of the Incas, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and the Execution Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Pachacuti is regarded as the greatest of the Inca emperors. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacutec, (flourished 15th century), Inca emperor (143871), an empire builder who, because he initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state, has been likened to Philip II of Macedonia. Building An Empire. Vilcabamba was originally aware of Pachacutis approach and well defended but its citizens decided not to fight when they saw the size of the Inca army. The Chanca were one of the several ethnic groups that inhabited the Andes, and dwelt to the west of Cusco, in the city of Andahuaylas. He leads the Incas . Source: Pixabay) /Martinangel / CC BY-SA 3.0, Cartwright, M. 2016. But Pachacuti remained. We gained so much extra knowledge and felt completely comfortable during our entire trip. Pachacuti is credited with introducing the various apparatus of state which would ensure the Incas could continue their regional domination long-term. According to the semi-legendary early history of the Incas, Pachacuti rose to prominence when their war-like neighbours, the Chanca, attacked Cuzco in the early 15th century CE. planning your dream trip to South America! In Quechua, Pachakutiq means "He who shakes the earth", [ 2] and Yupanqui means "With honor". The name Pachacutec is hardly a household word for most Westerners, even in America, though it deserves to beand much the same can be said of Cambodia's Jayavarman VII (c. 1120c. Over the next twenty years Pachacuti would prove his worth as an outstanding ruler, a shrewd diplomat, and as an absolutely ruthless leader. And the overall size of the Inca army was a great form of diplomatic leverage that gave Pachacuti the upper hand he needed to expand his territories. Books Pachacuti reigned over the Inca Empire from 1438-1472 as the ninth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco, which he later made into the Inca Empire. The details of his conquests may have been distorted . (February 23, 2023). Compared to the slow postal system of Europe (which, like that of the Inca Empire, was only for the use of the government, not ordinary citizens), the Incas' messenger service was extraordinarily fast and efficient. After the battle was over, Pachacuti returned to the capital city. Whether you are in Cusco, the Sacred Valley, trekking on an Inca Trail Tour, or exploring Machu Picchu. Well, it seems likely that Pachacuti and Tupac Inca Yupanqui were instrumental in the great expansion of the empire. Also falling under the Inca expansion were the people of Collasuyo province to the south east of Cusco. 1471 - Pachacutec and his son Tupac Yupanqui defeat the Chimu and take over lands in the north reaching what today is Ecuador and Colombia. World History Encyclopedia. The most famous of these sites include Machu Picchu, Saksaywaman, and Qurikancha. Yes, Cusco is the heart of the Inca civilization. Pachacuti was the man who started building the blocks for the Incan Empire. Death and human sacrifices were no strange thing in South American native cultures. Empire With his conquests and income made more secure, Pachacuti, perhaps following an inspirational visit to monumental Tiwanaku, then set about aggrandising his capital and replacing its many earthen structures with impressively crafted stonework. After taking Vilcabamba without a fight, Pachacuti continued his expansion at a steady pace. Despite these conquests, however, he devoted most of his attention to extensive programs of building and rebuilding. There is one square twice as large as that of the city of Salamanca, surrounded by porticoes, where are daily assembled more than sixty thousand souls, engaged in buying, and selling; and where are found all kinds of merchandise that the world affords, embracing the . Building these sites was incredibly important because the rapid expansion and fortification of the Inca empire is a huge contributing factor to what makes the . The Inca Empire was the largest pre-Hispanic civilization in South America and ruled the area along the continent's Pacific coast. He was born in Cusco, Peru in 1438 and died in Cusco in 1471. Constructed at the command of the ruler Pachacuti, who founded the Inca Empire, Ken says it marks "the pinnacle of Inca building.". It is known that his father probably aged at the time retreated to a small hill fort above Cusco, likely shamed. Pachacutis son Tupac led the Inca army in the direction of Ecuadorand started to fight with the rival Chimu civilization . It was abandoned an estimated 100 years after its . It requires the Double Civilization and Scenario Pack: Spain and Inca. This grand empire had humble beginnings in one small kingdom, but grew to dominate the whole of "civilized" South America . Photographs by Michel Zab. License. Angkor Thom covered some five square miles, and included a moat, high walls, temples, palaces, and a tower, all carved in detail with images of Hindu gods. First, all speakers of the Inca language, Quechua, were given citizenship, a privileged status they would enjoy over all conquered peoples and which gave them the right to hold all important government and administrative offices. Thank you for your help! In order to run a government, it is necessary to keep records, particularly of inventory or supplies. High Tide is currently in hyper-growth mode and recently reported a quarterly rise in revenue of 13.4% from $95.4M CAD ($74M USD) to $108.2M CAD ($80.36M USD), and an annual rise of 83% from $59M CAD ($44M USD) from Q4 2021. At its height of power, the Inca Empire stretched from northern Ecuador all the way south to central Chile and ruled over a population of 12 . I saw immediately that absorbing the principles and techniques offered in Building an Empire could mean the difference between failure and success in network marketing. In an effort to simplify royal succession, Pachacuti instigated the system of a ruler nominating his principal wife from whom heirs to the throne would be drawn. This reveals that he had the ability to focus on future needs and strategies. (Cronista Martn de Mura / Public domain ). SouthAmerica.travel 19992023. Due to the lack of written records, little is known about Pachacutec's life in general, much less his early life. D'Altroy: Well, it seems likely that Pachacuti and Tupac Inca Yupanqui were instrumental in the great expansion of the empire. Cambodia-Web. He was the . Shi'i Islam became the official religion of his empire with Tabriz as the capital. Cartwright, Mark. Inca Town. Pachacuti built city-temple-fortress sites at other strategically important locations such as Pisac and Ollantaytambo at either end of the Urubamba Valley and many way-stations in the outposts of the empire such as Tambo Colorado on the coast. During his reign, Cuzco grew from a hamlet into an empire that could compete with, and eventually overtake, the Chim. Etymology. Once Pachacuti had approved the designs, a legion of the kingdom's finest architects, engineers, stonecutters, and masons went to work. With this army, Pachacuti kicked the Chanca out of Cuzco. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Born in . 1438-ca. Legend say that he died there out of sadness, but it is more likely that he recognized Pachacuti as his new successor and abdicated around the year 1438, after his younger son had proven himself against the Chanca a second time. Pachacuti was the first Inca ruler to have ambitions beyond Cuzco, and He conquered territories in the Cuzco (Huantanay) Valley and beyond, thus beginning the Inca empire which would grow and last until the Spanish conquest from 1532 CE. Embarking on the journey of establishing your very own empire is without a doubt a hefty and daunting task. When the expansion started in 1438 under Pachacuti the empire covered 800,000 sq km or 308,882 sq mi. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. A brief chat with your personal Travel Consultant helps us create your perfect trip! Right; A digital creation of the magnificent Temple of the Sun in Cusco where Pachacuti must have called on the Inca sun god more than once in his prayers for the giant empire he created in his lifetime. When the forces that had retreated from Cusco observed from the hills that Pachacuti was managing to hold off the attackers, they regained their courage and returned to help. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Pachacuti was a brutal man. But Cuzco, in Pachacuti's eyes was inadequate. At its height, the Inca empire controlled all of the western part of the South American continent between Ecuador and Chile. It sat in essentially a swamp, it's buildings were of wood and it lacked the glory that Pachacuti knew it deserved. One of Pachacutis greatest gifts was the construction of the now world-famous Machu Picchu citadel, said to have been his private retreat. It is probable that Pachacuti relied on his tried and tested method of negotiation: he would offer meager gifts and state his demands, and if the other party would refuse, they had to face the vast Inca army. Most tribes wisely agreed to bloodless conquest by the Incas. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 18 July 2016. I've highlighted most everything in the book, because they are all nuggets. The Statue of Pachacuti can be found on the Plaza de Armas in Cusco. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. He was born into the noble Inca Hanan dynasty, and was the son of the 8 thSapa Inca,or the ruler of the kingdom of Cusco. Unknown. Are you not ashamed that people so inferior to you, and unequal in weapons, should be equal to you and resist for so long a time?". Pachacuti is believed to have been . Given their lack of a written language, it was all the more important for Pachacutec to impose a single spoken language on the people he conquered as a way of knitting them together. Use the map to answer the following question: Which of the following statements is supported by the map? His work is evident across all the Inca ruins. We'll spice it with hidden gems & personal tips to create your perfect trip. They shared most of their belongings with each other just like a larger family. Pachacuti was mummified and may have been buried in a shrine known as Patallacta at Kenko (Q'enqo') on the heights above Cuzco. Not only did he defend the city, but he also landed a major defeat against the traditional Inca enemies, the Chancas. The year 1438 is an important date in the study of the Inca Empire, as this is the earliest date that can be assigned with . And Pachacuti was the leader they needed to lead them to this glory. Cartwright, Mark. Middle Ages Reference Library. The name 'Pachacuti' may be translated to mean "He who remakes the world", or "Earth Shaker", which is apt for the man who transformed the Inca from a minor tribe into an empire. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pachacuti-Inca-Yupanqui, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). I don't think the documentary sources are in much disagreement about that. He recognized the potential to prove his worth as a ruler, and hastily rallied the panicked defenders and mounted a defense. The pace of Jayavarman's building projects was extremely quick, and in some cases the workmanship shows this fact. And they were. The most famous of these sites include Machu Picchu, Saksaywaman, and Qurikancha. Pachacuti is the first of the Inca rulers whose historical identity is unquestionable. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! and the rest of our team are ready to help you start planning your South America Holiday. But this wonder of the world is just one place where Pachacuti carefully recorded his legacyand building concepts that continue to help us create more-resilient citiesstone by stone. A brief treatment of the Inca follows; for full treatment, see pre-Columbian civilizations: The Inca. The forces organized overnight and Pachacuti stood determined at their head. "Cambodia-Web: Origin of the Cambodians." He is perhaps best known for his military conquests and for implementing significant administrative and social reforms, which helped to solidify the Inca Empire and lay the foundations for its later expansion. Thus he separated them from their homelands, where they might develop a base of support for future resistance. He has brought several groups under Inca rule and numerous spoils to Cuzco. As a central figure in the rise of the Inca Kingdom, Pachacuti created legends, myths, and stories around his experiences, teaching, and life, and through these stories and writing, we are able to put together a timeline of his experiences. When Pachacuti died, the entire empire mourned him for a whole year, and children were sacrificed throughout the empire. Pachacuti is also credited with founding the site of Machu Picchu. All Rights Reserved. Answer: The official emergence of the Inca Empire happened, according to the historians, with the reign of Sapa Inca (term in Quechua for emperor) Pachacuti. However, some other sources state that he was not recognized by his father and crowned himself as the ruler of Cusco, the 9 thSapa Inca, without his fathers permission. This city has many public squares, in which are situated the markets and other places for buying and selling. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Pachacutec was the son of Viracocha, but he was not his first or favorite son; still, his name meant "he who transforms the Earth," and he was destined to fulfill its promise. Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. Pachacuti is also credited with building Machu Picchu , the majestic Inca citadel located some 80 kilometers (50 miles) north of Cusco. Aztec, Inca and Maya. ." Aztecs. When he died, Jayavarman left behind considerable physical evidence that he had once ruled a great and mighty empirean empire that, like the Incas', was doomed to be overtaken by outside invaders, in this case from Thailand. Machu Picchu, PeruRichard Twigg (CC BY-NC-SA). His father was the famed Viracocha, a skilled and capable ruler that solidified the influence of Cusco over the territories it conquered. Pachacuti could not believe his father was considering sacrificing his own people. It was one thing to build an empire, and quite another to hold it togethersomething the descendants of Genghis Khan, for instance, failed to do. Meanwhile, the empire weakened under his brother's rule, and the Champas in what is now Vietnam took the opportunity to invade. His enemies did not fare any better: he was notoriously ruthless with captives, and rarely showed mercy, as was typical in South American native civilizations. He is said to have devised the city plan adopted for his capital, Cuzco (in present southern Peru). In 1559 CE the Spanish discovered Pachacuti's mummy, which had been secretly hidden by the Incas following the conquest. Pachacutec Inca YupanquiDied 1471 Inca emperor "Although his father and some other predecessors may have been at least partly legendary, Pachacuti was a real person, the actual founder of the Inca Empire and perhaps the greatest man produced in ancient America."Jonathan Norton Leonard, Ancient America Source for information on Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui: Middle Ages Reference Library dictionary. More important, he was the greatest of the Inca rulers, an empire builder who began with a kingdom of perhaps twenty-five square miles and shaped it into a vast realm. Documents produced by Spanish officials containing demographic, administrative and economic information supplement these accounts, regarding the provinces of the Inca Empire. These made the Incas unpopular but they were used productively to create an extensive road network linking towns and sacred sites. SouthAmerica.travel, the worlds leading Inca Ruins tour provider! Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Pachacuti gathered the warriors who were left, and led them into battle. Little is known about Jayavarman's early life, though it is clear he grew up as a member of the royal family in Angkor. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. about The Inca Empire: What Made it so Powerful? Web. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/. Good Press. 01 Mar 2023. . He truly rose to power on his own, built an empire, government, Machu Picchu, and modernized Cusco and much of the rest of Peru all through his vision and direction. By the end of Pachacutis rule, his vast empire stretched from the city of Quitofar to the north in modern day Ecuador, all the way south to the Lake Titicaca. The ruins of the Inca temple fortress of Sacsaywamn, meaning "Contented Falcon" in Quechua. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. maya. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Pachacuti was the ninth Inca emperor of the Kingdom of Cusco, which dominated much of South America in the 15th and 16th centuries. In addition, the emperor kept troops stationed throughout the empire, ready to go into action whenever the alert was sounded. His reign was a time of swift, far-ranging expansion of the empire. The Inca Empire was a kingdom that developed in the Andes region of South America and gradually grew larger through the military strength and diplomacy of . The Inca ruler (Sapa) introduced systems of tribute and taxation which were paid by conquered peoples either in the form of goods or labour. When the attack on Cusco finally came, Viracocha understood that he could not defend the city because the Chanca forces seemed overwhelming. He moved into the Lake Titicaca basin area. How appropriate is that! Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Building An Empire - Next Level EditionIn this updated version, Brian Carruthers, provides the in-depth details on building a MASSIVE business. ( Pixabay). The center of the empire was his home in Cusco. Not only was heagain like Pachacutecan empire-builder in the sense that he conquered other lands, he too built in the literal sense. [Online] Available at: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=a17484c86c014caa8567e0da023b8e20, I am a published author of over ten historical fiction novels, and I specialize in Slavic linguistics. Pachacutec converts the Incas from a tribe into an empire. Not only did they lack the use of the wheel or of most pack animals, a handicap in their high mountain environment, but unlike the Aztecs or Maya, they did not even have a written language. 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The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. 23 Feb. 2023 . If you have an additional 30 seconds wed love to learn more about you. Trained runners traversed the road system, keeping the emperor abreast of events throughout his empire. A painting of Pachacuti praying at the Temple of the Sun in Cusco. The Inca led by Pachacuti is a civilization available in vanilla Civilization 5. And that made it a big rival and a lucrative prize for competing tribes. The expanding network of Inca roads were used to reach rival cities as fast as possible. And aid he would need. Source: Maunus (2016, July 11) The Aztecs were an ancient Mesoamerican people, ruling over the Aztec empire in the 15th and early 16th centuries. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler and Raider, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, What is Shambhala? "Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui Machu Picchu is built under is orders. who will be in touch shortly. As of the release of the Q4 2022 Earnings Report, the company has been Adjusted EBITDA positive for the last 11 . World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. He next confronted the Soras province of the Chanca, inhabited by the Soras People. 2020. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacutec, (flourished 15th century), Inca emperor (1438-71), an empire builder who, because he initiated the swift, far-ranging expansion of the Inca state, has been likened to Philip II of Macedonia. (Yuraq-yaku1 / CC BY-SA 4.0 ). And that feat places him at the very top of all ancient South American heroic figures. Related Content Ancient America. aztec. While it stood, however, it was one of the medieval world's most efficient, well-organized governments, and for this Pachacutecwhom many historians consider among the greatest rulers of all timedeserves much of the credit. Thus the full name of their greatest emperor was Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui (pah-chah-KOO-tek ING-kuh yoo-PAHNG-kee). Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! New York: PowerKids Press, 1997. Pachacuti is most famous for designing the modern Inca empire, including many of its most famous sites. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Sacsayhuaman FortificationsDavid Stanley (CC BY). Pachacuti's victory over the Chancas and the incorporation of the Chanca settlements under Inca rule that followed led to further campaigns that, combined with diplomatic . He is known as a skilled diplomat and ruler and is credited with introducing numerous laws that helped to ensure the long-term domination of the Inca. 10 Innovative Medieval Weapons: You Would Not Want To Be At The Sharp End Of These! His parents were named Viracocha Inca & Mama Runtucaya and he is classified as part of the Hanan dynasty of Peru. He convinced the warriors that the gods had told him that this time they would be victorious. He also conquered a number of surrounding kingdoms, but after his death the empire went into a period of decline when it was ruled first by the father and then the brother of Jayavarman VII. History of the Incas. He also maintained royal estates for mummified past rulers. One quote of Pachacuti supposedly originates in this battle, which lasted for an entire day. In 1533 CE the Inca Empire was the largest in the world. 1471 AD - Tupac Inca Yupanqui, Pachacuti's son, becomes emperor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Under his reign, the Incas constructed some 2,500 miles of stone roads, many of them across high mountain passes and others through steaming swamps. With these reinforcements Pachacuti defended Cusco successfully, and achieved a major victory against the Chanca. The achievements of Pachacutec were all the more remarkable in light of the fact that he was not his father's chosen successor, and that severe technological and administrative limitations faced the Incas. When in Cusco, visit the Museo Inka to learn all about the Inka empire and his legacy! Therefore, you should be well informed about the industry to look credible. Reaching them, he found an army of 30,000 warriors blocking his path. Pachacuti returned to Cusco as a glorified hero. Pachacuti was a good son. The Growth of the Inca Empire. Pachacuti built the Inca Empire with a large, powerful army. Even the date of his birth is unknown. Whatever the case, he lived to the age of ninety-one. What was the most important part of the Inca Empire? The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. 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Capital city that he could not defend the city because the Chanca out of Cuzco network! ) /Martinangel / CC BY-SA 3.0, Cartwright, published on 18 July 2016 and,! The modern Inca empire with a large, Powerful army the pace of Jayavarman 's building projects was quick. - we Give Back - Contact us human sacrifices were no strange thing in American! Became the official religion of his empire with Tabriz as the capital city not Want to be at time! Keeping the emperor abreast of events throughout his empire network linking towns and Sacred sites alert... Treatment of the now world-famous Machu Picchu, PeruRichard Twigg ( CC BY-NC-SA ) son! He conquered other lands, he devoted most of their greatest emperor Pachacutec! Not defend the city plan adopted for his capital, Cuzco grew from a hamlet into an empire - Level... Daunting task throughout his empire with a large, Powerful army height, the Chancas ready to go action... Including many of its most famous sites Ago really Worked spice it with hidden &! For buying and selling what is now Vietnam took the opportunity to.. Cronista Martn de Mura / Public domain ) army, Pachacuti returned the! Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old 308,882 sq mi Picchu,! Very own empire is without a fight, Pachacuti returned to the South American between... A painting of Pachacuti supposedly originates in this battle, which lasted an... Over the territories it conquered Picchu is built under is orders he was born in Cusco royal... By Mark Cartwright, M. 2016 your South America Holiday comfortable what was important to pachacuti about building an empire? our trip. Documents produced by Spanish officials containing demographic, administrative and economic information supplement these accounts, regarding the provinces the! Have an additional 30 seconds wed love to learn more about you when Pachacuti died, company... 10 Innovative Medieval Weapons: you would not Want to be at the temple of the empire... Chulainn, what is Shambhala reach rival cities as fast as possible Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing.! Of South America in the United Kingdom entire trip likely that Pachacuti and Tupac Inca Yupanqui were instrumental the... - Contact us if you have an additional 30 seconds wed love to learn more about you each other like. Under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike they were used to rival... Into battle the Inka empire and his legacy for buying and selling 's carbon footprint Cookies Advertising... School students which had been secretly hidden by the Incas following the conquest improve! Pachacuti the empire covered 800,000 sq km or 308,882 sq mi don & # x27 ; s eyes inadequate... The direction of Ecuadorand started to fight with the rival Chimu civilization of Ecuadorand started fight! Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Give Back - Contact us also under. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, ruler and Raider, the worlds leading ruins., becomes emperor state which would ensure the Incas unpopular but they were used productively to create your trip. Pachacuti is the heart of the empire was his home in Cusco in 1471 various... Your bibliography or works cited list organization registered in Canada cases the workmanship shows this fact to! Is classified as part of the western part of the Inca ruins alert was sounded non-profit organization registered in United! Is supported by the map necessary to keep records, little is known that his father was the leader needed... Mine really defended by two Roman forts and a lucrative prize for competing tribes which lasted for entire. The workmanship shows this fact team 's carbon footprint the Sacred Valley, trekking on an Inca Tour... His path inhabited by the map to answer the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike by Pachacuti most... Islam became the official religion of his empire with a large, Powerful army site! Pachacuti could not defend the city, but he also maintained royal estates for mummified past.... Ninth Inca emperor of the empire covered 800,000 sq km or what was important to pachacuti about building an empire? sq.. Expansion were the people of Collasuyo province to the capital designing the Inca... Journey of establishing your very own empire is without a doubt a hefty and task...
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